Ibintu bito bikunda kuba akajagari mugihe cyo kubika no gutwara, kandi ibintu byinshi mubisanzwe bishyizwe hamwe ukurikije amategeko amwe.Guhuriza hamwe mbere yerekana kwerekana agasanduku gapakira bivuga gukusanya uduce duto duto twapakiwe cyangwa tutapakiye mubice binini bitwara imizigo ishobora kuzamurwa cyangwa guhindurwa binyuze muri kontineri kugirango byorohereze ikoreshwa ryimashini zipakurura, gupakurura no gukora.Ibikoresho birashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bitandatu ukurikije imiterere yabyo: ibikoresho bifatanye, ibikoresho bya pallet, imifuka yabigenewe, inshundura za kontineri.Intego yo gupakira kontineri ni ukuzigama abakozi no kugabanya ubwikorezi kandimbere yo kwerekana agasandukuibiciro byo gupakira ibicuruzwa.
Imbere yerekana agasandukuuburyo bwo gupakira
Guhuriza hamwe no kubika ibintu nuburyo bwo gupakira bukoresha ibikoresho byo guhambira kugirango uhuze ibicuruzwa nkibicuruzwa byibyuma, ibiti, cyangwa udupaki duto mubice byigenga bitwara amakuru.Igicapo 7-17 cerekana ikoreshwa ryimyambarire itandukanye hamwe na kontineri.Ipakimbere yo kwerekana agasandukuinzira itwara ibikoresho bike byo gupakira, ifite igiciro gito, biroroshye kubika, gupakira, gupakurura, no gutwara, kandi ifite imirimo yo gufunga, gufunga, kurwanya ubujura, no gukumira ibintu gutakara cyangwa kugwa.
Bikunze gukoreshwa ibikoresho byo guhambira kurimbere yo kwerekana agasanduku
Ibikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa mu guhambira birimo insinga zicyuma, imishumi yicyuma, polyester, nylon, polyethylene, polypropilene, chloride polyvinyl nibindi bikoresho bya plastike hamwe nudushumi twiziritse.Umugozi wibyuma ukoreshwa cyane muguhuza ibintu bikomeye nka profili yicyuma, imiyoboro, amatafari, agasanduku k'ibiti, nibindi. Iyo uhambiriye udusanduku twibiti, bizajya byinjizwa mumpera no mumfuruka yibisanduku byimbaho.Imishumi yicyuma nubwoko bwo gukenyera hamwe nimbaraga ndende cyane.Bafite igipimo gito cyo kwaguka kandi ahanini ntibaterwa nimpamvu nkizuba ryizuba nubushyuhe.Bafite ubushobozi buhebuje bwo kugumana kandi barashobora kwihanganira ubukana bwibicuruzwa bikomye cyane, ariko bikunda kubora.Imikandara ya polyester ifite imbaraga zingana kandi zirwanya ingaruka, ibintu byiza byo kugarura ibintu bya elastique hamwe nubushobozi bwo kugumana impagarara, imiti irwanya imiti, hamwe nububiko bwigihe kirekire.Barashobora gusimbuza umukandara wibyuma byo gupakirambere yo kwerekana agasandukuibintu biremereye.Imishumi ya Nylon iroroshye, irakomeye, ifite imbaraga zo kurwanya kwambara, kurwanya kunama, kurwanya amazi, kurwanya imiti, kandi byoroshye muburemere.Zikoreshwa cyane cyane mugupakira no gupakira ibintu biremereye, pallets, nibindi. Imishumi ya polyethylene nibikoresho byiza byo guhambira mubikorwa byubukorikori.Zifite amazi meza kandi zikwiranye no guhambira ibikomoka ku buhinzi bifite ubuhehere bwinshi.Bashobora kugumana imiterere yizewe kandi ihamye, ihamye mububiko, kandi byoroshye gukoresha.Umukandara wa polypropilene uroroshye kandi woroshye, ufite imbaraga nyinshi, urwanya amazi.
Pallet nigikoresho cyabigenewe gikoreshwa muguhunika ibicuruzwa muburyo runaka kandi birashobora gupakirwa, gupakurura no gutwarwa.Gupakirambere yo kwerekana agasandukunuburyo bwo gupakira hamwe buhuza ibipaki byinshi cyangwa ibicuruzwa mubice byigenga bikora muburyo runaka.Irakwiriye gukoreshwa no gutwara imashini zipakurura no gupakurura, koroshya imicungire yububiko bugezweho, kandi irashobora guteza imbere cyane gupakira no gupakurura no gutwara ibicuruzwa neza.Urwego rwo gucunga ububiko.
1. Imbere yerekana agasandukuuburyo bwo gupakira pallet
(1) Gupakira palletmbere yo kwerekana agasandukun'ibiranga Ibyiza byo gupakira pallet nibyiza muri rusange gukora neza, gutondeka neza kandi bihamye, bishobora kwirinda ibintu byapaki bigwa mumasanduku mugihe cyo kubika, gupakira, gupakurura, gutwara no gutwara izindi nzira.Irakwiriye gupakira, gupakurura no gutwara imashini nini.Ugereranije no kwishingikiriza ku bakozi n'imashini nto zo gupakira no gupakurura udupaki duto, imikorere yacyo irashobora kunozwa cyane, kandi irashobora kugabanya cyane amahirwe yo kugongana, kugwa, guta no gufata nabi ibicuruzwa mugihe cyo kubika, gupakira no gupakurura, gutwara no gutwara ubundi buryo bwo kuzenguruka, byemeza Umutekano wo kugurisha imizigo.Ariko, gupakira pallet byongera ikiguzi cyo gukora pallet no kuyitaho, kandi bisaba kugura imashini zikoresha.Imibare ijyanye nayo yerekana ko ukoresheje gupakira palletmbere yo kwerekana agasandukuaho gupakira umwimerere birashobora kugabanya cyane ibiciro byizunguruka, harimo 45% kugabanya ibikoresho byo murugo, kugabanya 60% kubicuruzwa byimpapuro, kugabanya 55% kubiribwa, no kugabanya 15% kubirahuri binini n'amatafari yangiritse.
.Uburyo butandukanye bwo gutondekanya bufite inyungu n'ibibi byabyo, bigomba guhitamo ukurikije ibihe byihariye.
Muburyo bworoshye bwo gutondekanya, ibicuruzwa kuri buri cyiciro bitunganijwe muburyo bumwe, ariko ntaho bihurira.Ibicuruzwa akenshi bitandukanijwe byoroshye igihe kirekire, bifite umutekano muke, kandi bisaba imbaraga zo guhonyora hejuru yibicuruzwa byo hasi.Duhereye ku kunoza uburyo bwo gutondeka neza no gutanga umukino wuzuye imbaraga zo guhonyora imbaraga zo gupakira, byoroshye guhuzagurika nuburyo bwiza bwo gutondeka.Uburyo bwo gutondekanya ibice bidasanzwe-bifite numero-ndetse-inomero-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-yaKwuzuzanya hagati yabyo ni byiza, kandi guhagarara kwa pallet imizigo ni ndende.Ubu buryo bwo gutondekanya bukoreshwa ahanini kuri pallets y'urukiramende, kandi uburebure n'ubugari bwibicuruzwa ni Ikigereranyo ni 3: 2 cyangwa 6: 5.Ibidasanzwe ndetse bifite numero yububiko bwa criss-cross stacking byegeranijwe mubyerekezo bitandukanye.Icyerekezo cyuburyo bwo gutondekanya ibice bibiri byegeranye bitandukanye na 90 °.Ikoreshwa cyane cyane kuri kare.Mu gutondekanya gutondekanye, iyo ushyize kuri buri cyiciro, icyerekezo gihindurwa na 90 ° kugirango kibe cyuzuye kugirango habeho ituze, ariko kubera ko ikigo gikunda kuba imyobo, bikagabanya imikoreshereze yubuso bwa pallet, ubu buryo bwo gutondekanya bukoreshwa cyane cyane kuri pallet kare .Kugirango hamenyekane ubumenyi n’umutekano byo guhunika ibicuruzwa kuri pallets muburyo runaka, mugihe hateguwe ibipapuro bya pallet, birakenewe ko hajyaho urwego rwigihugu CB4892 "Rigid Cuboid Transport Packaging Dimension Series" rushingiye kubwoko bwibicuruzwa, umutwaro wa pallet ubwinshi n'ubunini, n'ibindi. muri rusange ntabwo ari munsi ya 80%.
Amahame shingiro yo guhitamo pallet stacking uburyo ni:
Goods Ibicuruzwa bikomeye by'urukiramende nk'ibiti, impapuro n'ibyuma bigomba gutondekwa mu buryo bumwe cyangwa bwinshi butandukanye kandi bigashyirwa hamwe no gupakira kurambuye cyangwa kugabanya ibicuruzwa;Products Ibicuruzwa byimpapuro cyangwa fibre Koresha umurongo umwe cyangwa byinshi-gutondekanya gutondekanya no gufunga kashe;Ers Ibyuma bifunze hamwe nibindi bicuruzwa bya silindrike bigomba gutondekwa muburyo bumwe cyangwa bwinshi butandukanye kandi bigashimangirwa nibiti;Proof Ubushuhe butarimo amazi, butarinda amazi, nibindi. Ibicuruzwa byimpapuro birinda imyenda bigomba gutondekwa mubice byinshi kandi bigatigita, kandi bigakoreshwa mubipfunyika birambuye, kugabanya ibipfunyika cyangwa kongeramo imfuruka, ibipfukisho nibindi byubaka;Goods Ibicuruzwa byoroshye bigomba gutondekwa muburyo bumwe cyangwa bwinshi, hamwe nibiti byongeweho ibiti byongeweho ibice;Icupa ryuzuye icupa rya silindrike cyangwa ibicuruzwa byegeranijwe bihagaritse murwego rumwe kugirango byiyongere
Imiterere ishimangirwa namakadiri yimizigo;⑦ Imifuka yibicuruzwa yegeranye cyane imbere kandi ihindagurika.Mu gupakira pallet, ibicuruzwa bipfunyika hepfo bitwara umutwaro wo kwikuramo ibicuruzwa byo hejuru, kandi igihe kirekire cyo kwikuramo bizatera ibikoresho bipfunyika cyangwa ibikoresho kunyerera, bikagira ingaruka kumitekerereze ya pallet.Kubwibyo, mugihe utegura ipaki ya pallet, birakenewe kugenzura imbaraga zipakiye mubikoresho byo gupakira no gusuzuma imitungo yibikoresho byo gupakira cyangwa ibikoresho byo gupakira kugirango umutekano wibicuruzwa mugihe cyo kubika no gutwara.
.Ku bicuruzwa bisaba ubushyuhe butarimo amazi kandi bitarinda amazi, hagomba gufatwa ingamba zijyanye.Bikunze gukoreshwa muburyo bwo gutunganya palletmbere yo kwerekana agasandukushyiramo guhuza, gufunga, gupfunyika, hamwe nibikoresho byo gukingira birinda, nibindi, bishobora no gukoreshwa bifatanije.Uburyo bwo guhambira no gufunga bisanzwe bikoresha imishumi yicyuma hamwe nuduce twa plastike kugirango utambike kandi uhagarike udupfunyika hamwe na pallets kugirango ibicuruzwa bipfunyitse bidahungabana mugihe cyo gutwara.() (e) Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo 7-19, uburyo butandukanye bwo gutunganya pallet.Kubipfunyika bya pallet bitarashobora guhura nu bikoresho byo gutwarambere yo kwerekana agasandukuibisabwa nyuma yo gukosorwa, ibikoresho byo kurinda imbaraga bigomba guhitamo nkuko bikenewe.Ibikoresho byo gukingira birinda bikozwe mu mpapuro, plastiki yimbaho, ibyuma cyangwa ibindi bikoresho.
2.Imbere yerekana agasandukuuburyo bwo gupakira pallet
Ingano ya pallets yarasanzwe.Kugirango tumenye ingaruka zo gupakira pallet, agasanduku k'ibicuruzwa bigomba guhuzwa neza.Ubwiza bwo gupakira pallet bugira ingaruka itaziguye kumutekano wibicuruzwa bipfunyitse mugikorwa cyo kuzenguruka.Gupakira neza pallet birashobora kuzamura ubwiza bwumutekano numutekano, kwihutisha ibikoresho, no kugabanya ibiciro byo gutwara no gupakira.Hariho uburyo bubiri bwo gushushanya gupakira pallet: "imbere-hanze" na "hanze-muri".
.Ibicuruzwa bipakirwa mubipaki bito bikurikiranye uhereye kumahugurwa yumusaruro, hanyuma ukurikije udupaki duto duto cyangwa ubunini bunini Hitamo udusanduku twa paki ushingiye kumupaki kugiti cye.mbere yo kwerekana agasanduku, hanyuma ukoranyirize hamwe ibisanduku byatoranijwe byo gupakira kuri pallets, hanyuma ubyohereze kubakoresha.Igishushanyo mbonera cyerekanwe mubishusho 7-20.Ukurikije ubunini bw'ipaki yo hanze, uburyo yashyizwe kuri pallet irashobora kugenwa.Kubera ko hari inzira nyinshi zo gutondekanya udusanduku twafunitse yubunini bunini ku ndege ya pallet, birakenewe kugereranya uburyo butandukanye no guhitamo igisubizo kiboneye.
Mugihe cyo gutegura ibipapuro bya pallet, modulus yapakiwe mumahanga mpuzamahanga ya cuboid ikaze [600, 400] igomba gukurikizwa, kandi ibipimo [1200, 800] na [12001000] mubipimo ngenderwaho byigihugu GB2934 “Ibipimo nyamukuru hamwe nubworoherane bwa Universal Flat Pallets kuri Ubwikorezi bwa Intermodal ”bugomba guhitamo.Urukurikirane pallets kugirango ukoreshe byuzuye ubuso bwa pallet kandi ugabanye gupakira no gutwara ibicuruzwa.Igishushanyo mbonera cya pallet yububiko burashobora kurangizwa hifashishijwe porogaramu yububiko bwa pallet.
3. Imbere yerekana agasandukuibikoresho byo gupakira ibikoresho
Pallet nigikoresho cyubwoko bwikintu gifite imbaraga nyinshi kandi kirakwiriye cyane cyane gupakira ibicuruzwa biremereye hamwe nuburyo bugoye hamwe nitsinda rinini.Ibicuruzwa bimwe bifite ibyiciro binini kandi bigoye kandi ntibishobora gupakirwa muri pallets.Imiterere yikadiri ikozwe mubyuma, ibiti cyangwa ibindi bikoresho.Igikorwa cyayo nugukosora no kurinda ibintu, no gutanga ibikoresho byingirakamaro bifasha guterura, guterura no gutondekanya ibicuruzwa nyuma yo guterana.Ubu bwoko bwikadiri bwitwa pallet, bushobora gukoreshwa kandi bigakoreshwa igihe kirekire.
Igikoresho ni isanduku nini nini yo kugurisha hamwe nigikoresho kinini cyo gupakira ibicuruzwa bipakira.Ubusanzwe ikorwa kandi ikoreshwa ikurikije amahame mpuzamahanga.Ubwikorezi bwa kontineri bufite inyungu ntagereranywa kurenza ubundi buryo bwo gutwara abantu kandi bwabaye uburyo nyamukuru bwo gutwara imizigo kwisi yose.
Komite ya tekiniki ya ISO / TC104 y’umuryango mpuzamahanga ushinzwe ubuziranenge isobanura ikintu nka “kontineri ishobora gukoreshwa igihe kirekire kandi ifite imbaraga zihagije;irashobora kwimurwa mugihe cyo gutambuka itimuye ibicuruzwa muri kontineri, irashobora guhinduka muburyo butaziguye, irashobora gutwarwa vuba no gupakururwa, kandi irashobora kwimurwa muburyo butaziguye bwo gutwara ibintu Byoroshye kwimurirwa mubindi bikoresho byo gutwara, byoroshye kuzuza no gusiba ibicuruzwa, hamwe na kontineri itwara abantu ifite ubunini burenga 1m. ”Hariho uburyo bwinshi bwo gutondekanya ibikoresho, kandi bigabanijwemo ibikoresho bya aluminiyumu, ibyuma hamwe nibikoresho bya fiberglass ukurikije ibikoresho..Ukurikije imiterere, bagabanijwemo ibikoresho byinkingi, ibikoresho byikubye, ibikoresho bito cyane.Ukurikije intego, bagabanijwemo ibintu rusange hamwe nibikoresho byihariye.Ibikoresho rusange-bigenewe, ni ukuvuga, ibikoresho rusange byumye byumye, nibyo bikoresho bikoreshwa cyane bifite urwego rwo hejuru rusanzwe.Mubisanzwe bikoreshwa mugutwara ibicuruzwa byinganda cyangwa ibicuruzwa bitarangiye bidasaba kugenzura ubushyuhe.Ibikoresho bidasanzwe ni kontineri ifite ibisabwa byihariye kubipfunyika cyangwa ibicuruzwa byihariye, nkibikoresho byinshi, ibicuruzwa bifunguye hejuru, ibikoresho bikonjesha, ibikoresho byabigenewe, ibyuka bihumeka, ibintu byuzuye bifunguye kumuhanda, ibikoresho bya plaque, ibyombo, hamwe nuruzitiro.rindira.
Ibikoresho byo gupakirambere yo kwerekana agasandukuikoranabuhanga rikubiyemo cyane cyane gutegura gahunda yo kubika imizigo, guhitamo uburyo bwo gutwara abantu nuburyo bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa
nibindi bisabwa bijyanye, nyamuneka reba ibipimo byubwikorezi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-22-2024