Ibintu bito bikunze kuba akajagari mu gihe cyo kubika no gutwara, kandi ibintu byinshi bikunze guhurizwa hamwe hakurikijwe amategeko amwe n'amwe. Gupfunyika mu gasanduku k'ibikoresho bipakiye cyangwa bipakiye mu gikoresho kinini cy'imizigo bishobora guterurwa cyangwa guterurwa binyuze mu gikoresho kugira ngo byorohereze ikoreshwa ry'imashini mu gupakira, gupakurura no gutwara. Ibikoresho bishobora kugabanywamo ibice bitandatu hakurikijwe imiterere yabyo: ibikoresho bipakiye, ibikoresho bya palati, imifuka y'ibikoresho, inzitiramibu n'ibikoresho. Intego yo gupfunyika ibikoresho ni ukurokora abakozi no kugabanya gutwara noagasanduku ko kwerekana mbere yo kuzingururaikiguzi cyo gupakira ibicuruzwa.
Agasanduku ko kwerekana mbere yo kuzingururauburyo bwo gupakira
Gupfunyika no gushyira mu bikoresho ni uburyo bwo gupfunyika bukoresha ibikoresho byo gupfunyika kugira ngo bihuze ibicuruzwa nk'ibikoresho by'icyuma, ibiti, cyangwa udupaki duto mu ishami ryigenga ryo gutwara amakuru. Ishusho ya 7-17 igaragaza ikoreshwa ry'udupaki dutandukanye two gupfunyika no gushyira mu bikoresho. Iyi paki ipfunyikaagasanduku ko kwerekana mbere yo kuzingururaUburyo bwo gupfunyika bukoresha ibikoresho bike byo gupfunyika, burahendutse, bworoshye kubika, gupakira, gupakurura no gutwara, kandi bufite inshingano zo gufunga, gufunga, kurwanya ubujura, no gukumira ko ibintu bitakara cyangwa gusenyuka.
Ibikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa mu gupfunyikaagasanduku ko kwerekana mbere yo kuzingurura
Ibikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa mu gupfunyika birimo insinga z'icyuma, imigozi y'icyuma, polyester, nylon, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride n'indi migozi ya pulasitiki hamwe n'imigozi yo gupfunyika. Insinga z'icyuma zikoreshwa cyane mu gupfunyika ibintu bikomeye nk'imiterere y'icyuma, imiyoboro, amatafari, amasanduku y'ibiti, nibindi. Mu gupfunyika amasanduku y'ibiti, azashyirwa mu nkengero no mu mfuruka z'amasanduku y'ibiti. Imigozi y'icyuma ni ubwoko bw'imigozi ifite imbaraga nyinshi zo gupfunyika. Ifite umuvuduko muto wo kwaguka kandi muri rusange ntigira ingaruka ku bintu nk'izuba n'ubushyuhe. Ifite ubushobozi bwiza bwo kugumana umuvuduko kandi ishobora kwihanganira umuvuduko w'ibintu bikomeye cyane, ariko ikunze kwangirika. Imikandara ya polyester ifite imbaraga nyinshi zo gupfunyika no kudakora neza, ubushobozi bwiza bwo kongera gupfunyika no kudakora neza, ubushobozi bwiza bwo kudakora neza, kandi ikanabikwa neza igihe kirekire. Ishobora gusimbuza imikandara y'icyuma mu gupfunyikaagasanduku ko kwerekana mbere yo kuzingururaIbintu biremereye. Imikandara ya nylon irakomera, irakomeye, irakomera, irakomera, irakomera, irakomera, irakomera, irakomera, kandi irakomeye. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gupfunyika no gupakira ibintu biremereye, amapaleti, nibindi. Imikandara ya polyethylene ni ibikoresho byiza byo gupfunyika mu mirimo y'ubukorikori. Irakomera amazi kandi ikwiriye gupfunyika ibikomoka ku buhinzi bifite ubushuhe bwinshi. Ishobora kugumana imiterere yizewe kandi ihamye, irakomera mu bubiko, kandi yoroshye kuyikoresha. Umukandara wa polypropylene ni woroshye kandi woroshye, ufite imbaraga nyinshi, ntushobora kwangirika.
Pallet ni igikoresho gikoreshwa mu gupakira ibicuruzwa mu buryo runaka kandi gishobora gupakirwa, gupakururwa no gutwarwa.agasanduku ko kwerekana mbere yo kuzingururani uburyo bwo gupakira buhuriweho buhuza amapaki cyangwa ibicuruzwa byinshi mu buryo bwihariye bwo kubikoresha. Bukwiriye mu bikorwa byo gutwara no gupakurura ibikoresho hakoreshejwe imashini, bworohereza imicungire igezweho y'ububiko, kandi bushobora kunoza cyane uburyo bwo gupakurura no gupakurura ibicuruzwa. Urwego rwo gucunga ububiko.
1. Agasanduku ko kwerekana mbere yo kuzingururauburyo bwo gupakira pallet
(1) Gupfunyika amapaletiagasanduku ko kwerekana mbere yo kuzingururan'imiterere yabyo Ibyiza byo gupakira amapaleti ni imikorere myiza muri rusange, gupakira neza kandi kudatezuka, bishobora kwirinda ko amapaleti agwa mu masanduku mu gihe cyo kubika, gupakira, gupakurura, gutwara n'izindi nzira zo kuzenguruka. Ikwiriye gupakira, gupakurura no gutwara imashini nini. Ugereranyije no kwishingikiriza ku bakozi n'imashini nto kugira ngo bapakire kandi bapakurure amapaleti mato, imikorere yayo ishobora kunozwa cyane, kandi ishobora kugabanya cyane amahirwe yo kugongana, kugwa, guta no gufata ibicuruzwa nabi mu gihe cyo kubika, gupakira no gupakurura, gutwara n'izindi nzira zo kuzenguruka, bigamije umutekano w'imizigo. Ariko, gupakira amapaleti byongera ikiguzi cyo gukora no kubungabunga amapaleti, kandi bisaba kugura imashini zijyanye nayo. Imibare ifatika igaragaza ko gukoresha amapaleti apakiyeagasanduku ko kwerekana mbere yo kuzingururaAho gukoresha ibikoresho byo mu rugo mu buryo bw’umwimerere bishobora kugabanya cyane ikiguzi cyo kuzenguruka, harimo kugabanya 45% by’ibikoresho byo mu rugo, kugabanya 60% by’ibicuruzwa by’impapuro, kugabanya 55% by’ibiribwa, no kugabanya 15% by’ibirahure birebire n’amatafari adafite aho ahuriye n’ibikoresho.
(2) Uburyo bwo gushyiramo amapaleti Muri rusange hari uburyo bune bwo gushyiramo amapaleti, ari bwo bworoshye bwo gusubiramo, ubwoko bwo imbere n'ubwo inyuma, ubwoko bwo gusimbuka n'ubwo gusimbukamo amapaleti, nk'uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 7-18. Uburyo butandukanye bwo gushyiramo amapaleti bufite ibyiza n'ibibi byabwo, bugomba gutoranywa hakurikijwe imiterere yihariye.
Mu gushyira hamwe ibintu mu buryo bworoshye, ibicuruzwa kuri buri cyiciro bitondetse mu buryo bumwe, ariko nta guhuza. Ibicuruzwa akenshi bitandukanywa byoroshye mu buryo burambuye, bifite ubudahangarwa buke, kandi bisaba imbaraga nyinshi zo gukandagirana ku rwego rwo hasi rw'ibicuruzwa. Mu rwego rwo kunoza imikorere yo gushyira hamwe no guha imbaraga zo gukandagirana imbaraga zo gupakira, gushyira hamwe ibintu mu buryo bworoshye ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo gushyira hamwe. Imiterere yo gushyira hamwe ibintu mu buryo budasanzwe hamwe n'imiterere y'imiterere y'imiterere y'imbere n'iy'inyuma bitandukanye kuri 180°. Imiterere y'imiterere hagati y'imiterere ni myiza, kandi ubudahangarwa bw'imizigo y'amapaleti ni bwinshi. Ubu buryo bwo gushyira hamwe bukoreshwa cyane cyane ku mapaleti y'urukiramende, kandi uburebure n'ubugari bw'ibicuruzwa ni 3:2 cyangwa 6:5. Imiterere y'imiterere y'imiterere y'imiterere y'amapaleti isanzwe n'iy'amapaleti isanzwe itondekanye mu byerekezo bitandukanye. Ibyerekezo by'imiterere y'imiterere y'imiterere y'imiterere ibiri yegeranye bitandukanye kuri 90°. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane ku mapaleti kare. Mu gushyira ibintu mu buryo bugororotse, iyo ushyize ibintu mu buryo butunguranye, icyerekezo gihindukaho 90° kugira ngo habeho uburyo bwo guhurirana kugira ngo habeho umutekano, ariko kubera ko hagati hakunze kugaragara imyobo, bigagabanya ikoreshwa ry'ubuso bwa palati, ubu buryo bwo gushyira ibintu mu buryo buhuriweho bukoreshwa cyane cyane ku mapalati kare. Kugira ngo harebwe ubuhanga n'umutekano wo gushyira ibintu ku mapalati mu buryo runaka, iyo ushushanya uburyo bwo gupakira palati, ni ngombwa kureba amahame ngenderwaho y'igihugu CB4892 “Rigid Cuboid Transport Packaging Dimension Series” hashingiwe ku bwoko bw'ibicuruzwa, uburemere bw'imitwaro ya palati n'ingano, nibindi. “, GB 13201 “Rigid Cylinder Transportation Dimension Series” na GB 13757 “Bag Transporting Packaging Dimension Series” n'andi mahame kugira ngo hamenyekane neza uburyo bwo gushyira ibintu ku mapalati, kandi igipimo cy'ikoreshwa ry'ubuso bwa palati muri rusange ntabwo kiri munsi ya 80%.
Amahame shingiro yo guhitamo uburyo bwo gushyiramo pallets ni:
① Ibikoresho bikomeye by'urukiramende nk'ibikoresho by'ibiti, impapuro n'ibyuma bigomba gushyirwa mu buryo bumwe cyangwa bwinshi kandi bigashyirwaho ipaki cyangwa ipaki; ② Ibikoresho by'impapuro cyangwa fibre Koresha ipaki imwe cyangwa nyinshi kandi ifunganye hakoreshejwe kaseti yo gufunga; ③ Ibikoresho by'ibyuma bifunze n'ibindi bikoresho by'uruziga bigomba gushyirwa mu buryo bumwe cyangwa bwinshi kandi bigakomezwa n'ibipfundikizo by'ibiti; ④ Bidashobora guhumeka, ntibishobora kwinjira mu mazi, nibindi. Ibikoresho by'impapuro n'imyenda birinda bigomba gushyirwa mu byiciro byinshi kandi bigakomezwa, kandi bigakoresha ipaki, ipaki cyangwa kongeramo inkunga zo mu mfuruka, ibipfundikizo n'ibindi bikoresho byo gushimangira; ⑤ Ibikoresho byoroshye bigomba gushyirwa mu byiciro bimwe cyangwa byinshi, hamwe n'inkingi z'ibiti zongewemo imiterere yo gutandukanya; ⑥ Ibikoresho cyangwa ibicuruzwa by'amacupa y'icyuma bishyirwa mu byiciro bihagaze mu buryo bumwe kugira ngo byiyongere
Inyubako ikomeje gushimangirwa n'imizigo n'udupira; ⑦ Imifuka y'ibicuruzwa ikunze kuba iparitse imbere n'inyuma. Mu gupakira palati, ibicuruzwa byo gupakira biri hasi biba bifite umutwaro wo gukandagira w'ibicuruzwa byo hejuru, kandi imiterere y'igihe kirekire yo gukandagira ituma agakoresho ko gupakira cyangwa ibikoresho bihindagurika, bigira ingaruka ku buryo agakoresho ko gupakira palati kadahinduka. Kubwibyo, mu gushushanya uburyo bwo gupakira palati, ni ngombwa kugenzura imbaraga zo gupakira mu bikoresho byo gupakira no gusuzuma imiterere yo gukandagira mu bikoresho byo gupakira cyangwa ibikoresho byo gupakira kugira ngo harebwe umutekano w'ibicuruzwa mu gihe cyo kubibika no kubitwara.
(3) Uburyo bwo gufunga amapaleti Mu gihe cyo kubika no gutwara ibicuruzwa biri mu mapaleti, kugira ngo bibe bihamye, hagomba gukoreshwa uburyo bukwiye bwo gufunga kugira ngo bitagwa. Ku bicuruzwa bisaba ubushobozi bwo kwirinda ubushuhe no kutagira amazi, ingamba zijyanye na byo zigomba gufatwa. Uburyo busanzwe bwo gufunga amapaleti bukoreshwa mu gupfunyika.agasanduku ko kwerekana mbere yo kuzingururaharimo gupfunyika, kole, gupfunyika, n'ibikoresho byo gukomeza umutekano, nibindi, bishobora no gukoreshwa hamwe. Uburyo bwo gupfunyika no gufatanya bukunze gukoresha imigozi y'icyuma n'imigozi ya pulasitiki ku migozi igororotse kandi ihagaze kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibicuruzwa bipfunyitse binyeganyega mu gihe cyo gutwara. () (e) Nkuko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 7-19, uburyo butandukanye bwo gupfunyika imigozi. Ku gupfunyika imigozi idashobora kugera ku ipaki yo gutwaraagasanduku ko kwerekana mbere yo kuzingururaIbisabwa nyuma yo gukosorwa, ibikoresho bikingira bigomba gutoranywa uko bikenewe. Ibikoresho bikingira bikozwe mu mpapuro, pulasitiki, icyuma cyangwa ibindi bikoresho.
2.Agasanduku ko kwerekana mbere yo kuzingururauburyo bwo gushushanya pallets
Ingano ya pallets zashyizweho ubuziranenge. Kugira ngo harebwe ingaruka zo gupakira pallets, gupakira ibicuruzwa mu gasanduku bigomba guhuzwa neza. Ubwiza bwa pallets bigira ingaruka ku mutekano w'ibicuruzwa bipfunyitse mu nzira yo kuzenguruka. Gupakira pallets neza bishobora kunoza ireme n'umutekano w'ibipfunyitse, kwihutisha ubwikorezi, no kugabanya ikiguzi cyo gutwara no gupakira. Hari uburyo bubiri bwo gushushanya pallets: "imbere-inyuma" na "hanze-imbere".
(1) Uburyo bwo gushushanya "imbere no hanze" ni ugushushanya ipaki y'imbere, ipaki yo hanze na palati hakurikijwe ingano y'umusaruro. Umusaruro ushyirwa mu mapaki mato uko bikurikirana uhereye aho ukorera, hanyuma ukurikije amapaki mato menshi cyangwa ingano nini Hitamo udusanduku two gupfunyika ukurikije ipaki imwe imwe.agasanduku ko kwerekana mbere yo kuzingurura, hanyuma uteranye udusanduku twatoranijwe two gupakira ku mapaki, hanyuma utwamburire abakoresha. Uburyo bwo gushushanya bugaragazwa ku Ishusho ya 7-20. Dukurikije ingano y'ipaki yo hanze, uburyo ishyirwa ku mapaki bushobora kumenyekana. Kubera ko hari uburyo bwinshi bwo gushyiramo udusanduku twa corrugated dufite ingano runaka ku ipaki, ni ngombwa kugereranya uburyo butandukanye no guhitamo igisubizo cyiza.
Mu gushushanya uburyo bwo gupakira palati, uburyo bwo gupakira buzwi ku rwego mpuzamahanga bw’agace ka cuboid gakomeye [600, 400] bugomba gukurikizwa, kandi ingano [1200, 800] na [12001000] muri GB2934 "Ibipimo by'ingenzi n'ubworoherane bwa Palati zose zigororotse mu gutwara abantu hagati" ni byo bikwiye gukundwa. Palati zikozwe mu buryo butandukanye kugira ngo zikoreshe neza ubuso bwa palati no kugabanya ikiguzi cyo gupakira no gutwara. Igishushanyo mbonera cy'uburyo bunini bwo gupakira palati gishobora kurangizwa hakoreshejwe porogaramu yo gushushanya uburyo bwo gupakira palati.
3. Agasanduku ko kwerekana mbere yo kuzingururaikoranabuhanga ryo gupakira amakontena
Ipaleti ni igikoresho gifite ishusho ikomeye kandi kibereye cyane gupakira ibintu bikomeye bifite imiterere igoye n'amatsinda manini. Hari ibicuruzwa bifite amatsinda manini n'imiterere igoye kandi ntibishobora gupakirwa muri paleti. Imiterere y'ipaleti isanzwe ikorwa mu cyuma, mu giti cyangwa mu bindi bikoresho. Inshingano zacyo ni ugusana no kurinda ibintu, no gutanga ibikoresho by'inyongera bikenewe mu guterura, guterura no gutondeka ibicuruzwa nyuma yo guteranya. Ubwo bwoko bw'imiterere y'ipaleti bwitwa paleti, ishobora kongera gukoreshwa no kongera gukoreshwa igihe kirekire.
Kontineri ni agasanduku k’ibicuruzwa binini bicuruzwa mu masanduku, akaba n’agasanduku kanini gapfunyikiramo ibicuruzwa bipfunyikiramo. Ubusanzwe gakorwa kandi gakoreshwa hakurikijwe amahame mpuzamahanga. Gutwara amasanduku bifite inyungu zitagereranywa ugereranyije n’ubundi buryo bwo gutwara imizigo, kandi byabaye uburyo bw’ingenzi bwo gutwara imizigo ku isi.
Komite Tekiniki ya ISO/TC104 y’Umuryango Mpuzamahanga Ushinzwe Ubuziranenge isobanura kontineri nk “ikontineri ishobora kongera gukoreshwa igihe kirekire kandi ifite imbaraga zihagije; ishobora kwimurwa mu gihe cyo gutwara ibicuruzwa bitarimo kwimura ibicuruzwa biri mu kontineri, ishobora guhindurwa mu buryo butaziguye, ishobora gupakirwa vuba no gupakururwa, kandi ishobora kwimurwa mu buryo butaziguye iva mu buryo bwo gutwara. Bishobora kwimurwa mu bundi buryo bwo gutwara, byoroshye kuzuza no gusohora ibicuruzwa, n’ikontineri yo gutwara ifite ingano irenga metero 1.” Hari uburyo bwinshi bwo gushyira mu byiciro kontineri, kandi zigabanyijwemo kontineri za aluminiyumu, kontineri z’ibyuma n’kontineri za fiberglass hakurikijwe ibikoresho. . Dukurikije imiterere, zigabanyijwemo kontineri z’inkingi, kontineri zipfunyika, kontineri zoroheje n’kontineri z’ifatizo. Dukurikije intego, zigabanyijwemo kontineri rusange n’kontineri zidasanzwe. Kontineri rusange, ni ukuvuga kontineri z’imizigo z’umuvuduko rusange, ni zo zikoreshwa cyane zifite urwego rwo hejuru rwo gutwara ibicuruzwa by’inganda cyangwa amapaki adasaba amabwiriza y’ubushyuhe. Ibikoresho byihariye ni ibikoresho bifite ibisabwa byihariye ku bipaki cyangwa ibicuruzwa byihariye, nk'ibikoresho byinshi, ibikoresho bifunguye hejuru, ibikoresho bikonjeshwa, ibikoresho bifunganye, ibikoresho bihumeka, ibikoresho bifunguye ku mpande, ibikoresho byo gushyiramo ibyuma, ibikoresho by'ibigega, n'ibikoresho bizitiye.
Gupfunyika mu byuma bifasha mu gupakiraagasanduku ko kwerekana mbere yo kuzingururaIkoranabuhanga rikubiyemo cyane cyane gutegura gahunda yo kubika imizigo mu makontena, guhitamo uburyo bwo gutwara imizigo n'uburyo bwo kuyihereza.
n'ibindi. Kubindi bisabwa, nyamuneka reba amabwiriza agenga ubwikorezi bw'amakontena.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-22-2024