Ibintu bito bikunda kuba akajagari mugihe cyo kubika no gutwara abantu, kandi ibintu byinshi mubisanzwe bishyizwe hamwe ukurikije amategeko amwe. Guhuriza hamwe Prever Sland Gupakira agasanduku bivuga icyegeranyo kinini cyibicuruzwa bipimisha cyangwa bidasabwa binyuze mu bikoresho byorohereza gukoresha imashini zo koroshya ikoreshwa ry'imashini zo gushinga imizigo, gupakurura no gukemura ibikorwa. Ibikoresho birashobora kugabanywa hafi mu byiciro bitandatu ukurikije imiterere yabo: ibintu byihuta, ibikoresho bya pallet, imifuka ya pallet, inshundura. Intego y'ibikoresho byo gupakira ni ugukiza imbaraga no kugabanya ubwikorezi kandiagasanduku kerekanaibiciro byo gupakira ibicuruzwa.
Agasanduku kerekanaUburyo bwo gupakira
Bundlisation na kontineri ni uburyo bwo gupakara bukoreshwa muguhuza ibicuruzwa nkibicuruzwa byicyuma, ibiti, cyangwa paki ntoya mubice byigenga. Igishushanyo 7-17 cyerekana ikoreshwa ryibikoresho bitandukanye hamwe nibikoresho. Iyi gupakiraagasanduku kerekanaInzira ikoresha ibikoresho byo gupakira, bifite ikiguzi gito, biroroshye kubika, kwikorera, no gutwara, no gutwara, no gukumira ibipimo byo gutakaza cyangwa kugwa.
Mubikoresho bisanzwe byakoreshejweagasanduku kerekana
Mubikoresho bisanzwe byakoreshejwe harimo insinga yicyuma, imishumi yicyuma, Polyester, Nylonley Icyuma gikoreshwa cyane kuri bundle ibintu bifatanye nkibirori byumuyoboro, imiyoboro, amatafari, agasanduku k'ibiti, ibiti byibiti, bizashyirwa mu gasanduku k'ibiti, bizinjira mu nkombe z'ibiti. Imigozi yicyuma nuburyo bwo kwandura inzitizi nini cyane. Bafite igipimo gito cyo kwagura kandi ahanini ntibigira ingaruka kubintu nkizuba nubushyuhe. Bafite ubushobozi buhebuje bwo kugurukanaho kandi barashobora kwihanganira impagarara zimbaraga zifunzwe, ariko zikunda ingese. Umukandara wa polyester ufite imbaraga zidake cyane ningaruka zo kurwanya ingaruka, ibintu byiza byo gukira no kugumana guhagarika umutima, ubushobozi bwo kugumana, no kubika imiti, hamwe nububiko bwiza bwigihe kirekire. Barashobora gusimbuza umukandara wo gupakiraagasanduku kerekanaibintu biremereye. Imigozi ya Nyn irakomeye, ikomeye, ifite icyubahiro cyo guhangana, kunyeganyega, kurwanya amazi, kurwanya imiti, kurwanya imiti, kandi ni umucyo muburemere. Bakoreshwa cyane cyane kugirango bahuze ibintu biremereye, pallets, nibindi. Imishumiya ya polyethylene ni ibikoresho byiza cyane kubikorwa byubukorikori. Bafite amazi meza kandi bakwiriye kugandukira ibikomoka ku buhinzi hamwe nibirimo byinshi. Barashobora gukomeza imiterere yizewe kandi ihamye, ihamye mububiko, kandi biroroshye gukoresha. Umukandara wa Polypleylene ni umucyo kandi woroshye, ufite imbaraga nyinshi, ni urwanya amazi.
Pallet nigikoresho cya kontineri gikoreshwa mugukora ibicuruzwa muburyo runaka kandi birashobora gupakirwa, gupakururwa no gutwarwa. Gupakira palletagasanduku kerekanani uburyo bwo gupakira hamwe buhuza ibice byinshi cyangwa ibicuruzwa mubice byigenga muburyo runaka. Birakwiriye gupakira no gupakurura ibikorwa byo kwitwaza no gupakurura ibikorwa byo kwitwaza, byorohereza imiyoborere igezweho, kandi irashobora kunoza cyane gupakira no gupakurura no gutwara ibicuruzwa. Urwego rwo kuyobora imiyoboro.
1. Agasanduku kerekanaIbikoresho byo gupakira pallet
(1) gupakira palletagasanduku kerekanaKandi ibiranga ibyiza byo gupakira pallet ni byiza muri rusange, gufata neza kandi bihamye, bikaba bishobora kwirinda ibintu byipaki byamapaki mugihe cyo kubikamo, gupakurura, gutwara abantu nibindi bipimo. Birakwiriye gupakira, gupakurura no gutwara imashini nini. Ugereranije no kwishingikiriza ku mashini n'imashini nto kugira ngo dukore kandi dukureho imirimo mito, kandi birashobora kugabanya cyane amahirwe yo kugongana, kandi birashobora kugabanya ibintu byo kugongana, kandi bikagabanuka, gutwara no gupakurura no gupakurura, kubungabunga umutekano usanzwe wimodoka. Nyamara, gupakira palle byongera ikiguzi cyumusaruro wa pallet no kubungabunga, kandi bisaba kugura imashini zijyanye. Imibare ijyanye yerekana ko ukoresheje palletagasanduku kerekanaAho gupakira byumwimerere birashobora kugabanya cyane ibiciro byikigereranyo, harimo kugabanya ibikoresho byo murugo, 60% kugabanya impapuro, 55% kugabanya ibiribwa, na 15% byo kugabana ibirahuri.
. Uburyo butandukanye bwo gufatanya bufite ibyiza byabo nibibi, bigomba gutoranywa ukurikije imiterere yihariye.
Muburyo bworoshye gufunga, ibicuruzwa kuri buri gice gitegurwa muburyo bumwe, ariko nta bwuzuye. Ibicuruzwa akenshi bitandukana byoroshye birebire, mugire ituze ribi, kandi bisaba imbaraga zo kwikuramo hejuru yibicuruzwa. Dukurikije uburyo bwo kunoza imikorere yo gukora neza no gutanga ikinamico byuzuye ku mbaraga zikuramo zo gupakira, kwizirika kworoheje gufunga nuburyo bwiza bwo gufata neza. Ibishushanyo mbonera byibice bidasanzwe nibisanzwe hamwe nibice byinjira imbere kandi bikabije byibasiye ni 180 ° bitandukanye. Guhindura hagati yibice nibyiza, kandi ituze ryimizigo ya pallet iri hejuru. Ubu buryo bwo gufatanya bukoreshwa cyane kuri pallets yurukiramende, n'uburebure n'ubugari bw'ibicuruzwa ni ibipimo 3: 2 cyangwa 6 cyangwa 6: 5. Ibidasanzwe ndetse nabarerwa byumusaraba-umusaraba byashyizwe mu byerekezo bitandukanye. Icyerekezo cyibishushanyo mbonera cyibice bibiri byegeranye biratandukanye na 90 °. Irakoreshwa cyane kuri pallets kare. Mu kabatijwe, iyo uhagaze kuri buri kibanza, icyerekezo cyahinduwe na 90 ° kugirango gikemure neza, ariko kubera ko ikigo gikoreshwa hejuru ya pallet, ubu buryo bwo gufatanya bukoreshwa cyane kuri pallet kare. Kugirango turebe ko siyanse n'umutekano byo gufata ibicuruzwa kuri pallets mu buryo runaka, iyo upakira ibipfunyika by'ibipimo by'igihugu, n'ibindi. ", GB 13201" Gutwara ibipimo bipakira urutonde "nibindi bipimo kugirango bigaragaze neza uburyo bwibicuruzwa kuri pallet, hamwe nigipimo cya pallet cyo gukoresha hejuru ntabwo kiri munsi ya 80%.
Amahame shingiro yo guhitamo uburyo bwa pallet ni:
Ibicuruzwa bikabije nkibiti, impapuro n'ibikoresho bigomba gutondekwa muburyo bumwe cyangwa bwinshi-bubi kandi bukemuka hamwe no gupakira cyangwa kugabanya ibipfunyika; ② Impapuro cyangwa ibicuruzwa bya fibre bikoresha kimwe cyangwa byinshi-byarakaye kandi bikarengana no gufunga kaseti; ③ Ibikoresho bifunze Ibikoresho hamwe nibindi bicuruzwa bya silindrike bigomba gutondekwa muburyo bumwe cyangwa bwinshi bwakanguri kandi bushimangirwa nigifuniko cyibiti; ④ gihamya-gihamya, amazi, nibindi. Ibicuruzwa byoroshye bigomba gutondekanya mubice bimwe cyangwa byinshi, hamwe nibiti byongeweho ibice byubahwa; ⑥ contlet icumbi rya sinindrike cyangwa ibicuruzwa bishyizwe ahagaragara muburyo bumwe kugirango wiyongere
Imiterere ishimangirwa n'amakadiri n'ibice; ⑦ Imifuka y'ibicuruzwa ashyizwe mu buryo bwifashe imbere kandi agamije. Mu gupakira pallet, ibicuruzwa byo gupakira hepfo yumutwaro woroshye wibicuruzwa byo hejuru, hamwe nibibazo byigihe kirekire bizatera ikintu cyo gupakira cyangwa ibikoresho byo kwipimisha cyangwa bigira ingaruka kumutekano wa pallet. Kubwibyo, mugihe ushushanya pallet yapakiye, birakenewe kugenzura imbaraga zo gupakira ibikoresho no gusuzuma imitungo ya CRESP yamashanyarazi cyangwa ibikoresho byo gupakira kugirango umutekano wibicuruzwa mugihe cyo gutwara ibicuruzwa mugihe cyo kubikamo no gutwara abantu.
. Kubicuruzwa bisaba ubushuhe-ibimenyetso nibisabwa bitarimo amazi, ingamba zijyanye nazo zigomba gufatwa. Mubisanzwe bikoreshwa muburyo bwo gupakira palletagasanduku kerekanaShyiramo amavuta, gutya, gupfunyika, ibikoresho byo gushimangira ibikorwa byo gukingira, nibindi, bishobora no gukoreshwa muburyo bufatanije. Uburyo bufatanye nuburyo bwo gufunga bukunze gukoresha imishumi hamwe nicyuma cya plastike kuri hopap itambitse kandi ihagaritse hamwe na pallets kugirango irinde ibicuruzwa byapakiwe mugihe cyo gutwara abantu. () (e) nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 7-19, uburyo butandukanye bwo gukosora pallet. Kubipfunyika bya pallet birashobora kurokora gupakira imitwaroagasanduku kerekanaIbisabwa nyuma yo gukosorwa, ibipimo byo gushimangira bigomba gutoranywa nkuko bikenewe. Ibikoresho byo gukingira ibikoresho bikozwe mu mpapuro, ibiti by'ibiti, ibyuma cyangwa ibindi bikoresho.
2.Agasanduku kerekanaPallet Gupakira uburyo bwo gupakira
Ingano ya pallets yashyizwe mu bikorwa. Kugirango umenye ingaruka zipakira pallet, agasanduku gapfunyitse ibicuruzwa bigomba guhuzwa. Ubwiza bwa pallet bugira ingaruka kumutekano wibicuruzwa byapakiwe muburyo bwo kuzenguruka. Gupakira pallet ya pallet birashobora kunoza ubuziranenge n'umutekano, kwihutisha ibikoresho, no kugabanya ubwikorezi no gupakira. Hano hari uburyo bubiri bwo gupakira Pallet: "Imbere-hanze" na "hanze-muri".
. Ibicuruzwa bipakiye mu mapaki mato bivuye mu mahugurwa yo gukora, hanyuma ukurikije amapaki mato menshi cyangwa ingano nini hitamo agasanduku ko gupakira gishingiye ku gupakira umuntu ku giti cyeagasanduku kerekana, hanyuma uteranya agasanduku katoranijwe gupakira kuri pallets, hanyuma ubashyigeze kubakoresha. Inzira yo gushushanya irerekanwa ku gishushanyo cya 7-20. Dukurikije ingano yibipanda hanze, uburyo bushyizwe kuri pallet irashobora kugenwa. Kubera ko hari inzira nyinshi zo gutesha agaciro udusanduku twinshi zubunini bwindege ya pallet, birakenewe kugereranya uburyo butandukanye kandi uhitemo igisubizo cyiza.
Iyo uhanagura pallet yapakiye, Modulus yemewe ku rwego mpuzamahanga ya DUGID 'mu rwego rwo hejuru ya Cuboid ya Rigid [600, 400] igomba gukurikizwa, kandi ibipimo [1200, 800] kandi [12001000 "mu gihe cyo kwihanganira pallets z'isi yose kugira ngo bikorerwa mu Rwanda" bigomba kuguhitamo. Urukurikirane rwa pallets kugirango ukoreshe neza agace ka pallet no kugabanya ibiciro byo gupakira no gutwara abantu. Igishushanyo kinini cya pallet cyo gupakira gishobora kuzuzwa ukoresheje pallet yapakiyegura software.
3. Agasanduku kerekanaIbikoresho byo gupakira ikoranabuhanga
Pallet ni ikintu-cyubwoko hamwe nimbaraga nyinshi kandi zibereye cyane gupakira ibicuruzwa biremereye hamwe nibice binini hamwe nibice binini. Ibicuruzwa bimwe bifite ibice byinshi kandi bifite ishusho igoye kandi ntibishobora gupfunyikwa muri pallets. Imiterere yimiterere isanzwe ikozwe mubyuma, ibiti cyangwa ibindi bikoresho. Igikorwa cyacyo ni ugukosora no kurinda ibintu, no gutanga ibikoresho bikenewe byo guterura, kwikubita no gutondekanya ibicuruzwa nyuma yiteraniro. Ubu bwoko bwuburyo bwitwa pallet, bushobora gukoreshwa no guhugukira igihe kirekire.
Igikoresho ni agasanduku kanini kanini kavukire hamwe nigikoresho kinini cyo gupakira kubicuruzwa bipakira kontineri. Mubisanzwe byakozwe kandi bikoreshwa hakurikijwe amahame mpuzamahanga. Ubwikorezi bwa kontineri bufite inyungu zidasanzwe mubundi buryo bwo gutwara abantu kandi bibaye uburyo nyamukuru bwo gutwara imizigo kwisi yose.
Komite Tekinike ya Iso / TC104 yumuryango mpuzamahanga kugirango isanzwe isobanure ko ari "kontineri ishobora gupakurura mugihe cyo gutwara abantu, irashobora kwimurwa mu buryo bwo gutwara abantu, ishobora gupakurura mu buryo bwo gutwara abantu ingano irenga 1m. " Hariho inzira nyinshi zo gutondekanya ibikoresho, kandi bigabanyijemo ibikoresho bya aluminium, ibikoresho bya aluminium hamwe nibikoresho bya fibreglass ukurikije ibikoresho. . Dukurikije imiterere, bagabanijwemo ibikoresho by'inkingi, kuzinga ibikoresho, ibikoresho byoroheje n'ibikoresho. Ukurikije intego, bagabanijwemo ibikoresho rusange nibikoresho byihariye. Ibikoresho rusange-intego, ni ukuvuga ibikoresho rusange byumye byimizigo, nibikoresho byakoreshejwe cyane bifite urwego rwo hejuru. Mubisanzwe bikoreshwa mu gutwara ibicuruzwa byarangiye cyangwa paki zidakenera amabwiriza yubushyuhe. Ibikoresho bidasanzwe nibikoresho byihariye kubikoresho cyangwa ibicuruzwa byihariye, nkibikoresho byinshi, ibikoresho byo gukingura, ibikoresho bya firigo, ibikoresho bya tanki, hamwe nibikoresho bya tank, nibikoresho bya tank, nibikoresho bya Tanki. tegereza.
Gupakiraagasanduku kerekanaIkoranabuhanga ryikoranabuhanga rikubiyemo itegura gahunda ya kontineri ya kontineri, guhitamo uburyo bwo gutwara hamwe nuburyo butwara ibicuruzwa
Ibindi bisabwa, nyamuneka reba ibipimo ngenderwaho byo gutwara abantu.
Igihe cyohereza: Werurwe-22-2024