Igice cya mbere ni ibisobanuro byo gupakira

Igice cya mbere ni ibisobanuro byo gupakira

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1. Ibisobanuro byo gupakira

Mu gihugu gisanzwe cy'Abashinwa GB / T4121-1996, ibisobanuro byo gupakira ni: Izina rusange rya kontineri kugira ngo ririnde ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe mu rwego rwo kurinda ibicuruzwa mu buryo bwo kuzenguruka, byorohereza ububiko no gutwara abantu, no kuzamura ibicuruzwa. Bivuga kandi ibikorwa byo gukora muburyo bumwe na bumwe bwa tekiniki bukoreshwa mugikorwa cyo gukoresha ibikoresho, ibikoresho nabafasha kugirango tugere ku ntego zavuzwe haruguru.

Sobanukirwa nubusobanuro bwibipakira ibicuruzwa, harimo ibintu bibiri bisobanuro: Kumurongo umwe bivuga ibikoresho birimo ibicuruzwa, mubisanzwe bitwa gupakira, nkumufuka, agasanduku, amacupa, nibindi .; Kurundi ruhande, bivuga inzira yibicuruzwa bipakira, nko gupakira, gupakira, nibindi

Gupakira ibicuruzwa bifite ibiranga bibiri, nko kugandukira kandi ibicuruzwa. Gupakira ni ibikoresho kubiyirimo; Gupakira ni inculary. Nka nkomaagasanduku k'ibicuruzwa, gakondoagasanduku k'ibicuruzwa, birashya birisha ibicuruzwa.

Ibicuruzwa bidasanzwe mubirimo, bifite agaciro no gukoresha agaciro; Muri icyo gihe, ni na kimwe bisobanura kumenya agaciro k'ibicuruzwa by'imbere no gukoresha agaciro.

Igisekuru cyo gupakira

Muri rusange bizera ko gupakira mubisanzwe bifitanye isano nibicuruzwa kandi ninzira yingenzi yo kugera kubicuruzwa no gukoresha agaciro. Kubwibyo, umusaruro wibipfunyika bigomba kubarwa uhereye intangiriro yo guhana ibicuruzwa mumuryango wabantu. Muri icyo gihe, gushinga ibipfunyika nabyo bifitanye isano rya bugufi no guteza imbere ibicuruzwa bikwirakwizwa. Gushiraho ibipfunyika birashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bitatu.

1. Icyiciro cyambere cyo gupakira

Mugihe cyambere cyo guteza imbere ibicuruzwa, nyuma yo guhanahana ibicuruzwa, kugirango habeho ibipimo byibicuruzwa, ibikenewe byambere ni ubwikorezi bwibicuruzwa no kubika, ni ukuvuga ibicuruzwa bihanganye no kohereza umwanya hamwe nigihe cyigihe. Muri ubu buryo, gupakira byateguwe kugirango birinde ibicuruzwa. Muri iki gihe, gupakira mubisanzwe bivuga gupakira abanza, ni ukuvuga kurangiza imikorere yo gupakira igice, ukoresheje ibikoresho byo gupakira igice nkamasanduku, indobo, ibiseke, nibiseke. Kubera ko nta paki ntoya, ibicuruzwa bigomba gutangwa mugucuruza.

2. Gupakira intambwe yiterambere

Kuri iki cyiciro, nta gupimirwa gusa mu gutwara, ahubwo no gupakira bito bigira uruhare mu guteza byiza. Hamwe no guteza imbere ubukungu bwibicuruzwa, hari ibicuruzwa byinshi kandi byinshi, hamwe n'ibigo bitandukanye bitanga umusaruro wamabara atandukanye namabara atandukanye. Mu ntangiriro, abaproducer bakoresha ibicuruzwa biranga gutandukanya ibicuruzwa byimishinga, hanyuma bakoresha buhoro buhoro bakoresha ibipanda bito kugirango batange aya makuru. Hamwe namarushanwa yamasoko akaze, gupakira bito noneho bigira uruhare mu gutunganya no guteza imbere ibicuruzwa. Muri iki gihe, gupakira ubwikorezi biracyafite uruhare runini, mugihe gipfunyikishije gito cyane gikina uruhare rwo gutandukanya ibicuruzwa, gutunganya no guteza imbere ibicuruzwa. Kubera pake nto, ibicuruzwa ntibigomba gutangwa mugucuruza, ariko ibicuruzwa biracyagomba gutangizwa no kuzamurwa numucuruzi.

Hagaragaye kugurisha supermarket byafashe gupakira icyiciro cyo hejuru cyiterambere. 3. Gupakira ibicuruzwa byahindutse umuguzi ucecetse cyibicuruzwa ku cyerekezo cyo gupakira ibicuruzwa, gupakira ibicuruzwa byahindutse igice cyo kugurisha no gukoresha no gukoresha no gukura. Mugihe kimwe, gupakira ubwikorezi nabyo byateye imbere biturutse ku kurinda byoroshye ku cyerekezo cyo kunoza imikorere yo gutwara abantu.

Iterambere ryo gupakira icyiciro cyubu ni ubusanzwe bita gupakira bigezweho. Mu gukora ibicuruzwa bigezweho, kwishingikiriza kubicuruzwa kubipakira bigenda birushaho kugaragara, mumusaruro wose, kuzenguruka, kugurisha, no kugurisha kubura ibintu byiza biragoye gukora imibereho myiza. Kubwibyo, nubwo ibintu bitandukanye byo gupakira bigezweho, imikorere yongera igipimo cyiyongera, gupakira biracyari ibikoresho byimbere, hamwe nibicuruzwa byimbere bizabuzwa nibicuruzwa byimbere bigira ingaruka ku iterambere ryipamba. Byongeye kandi, ubucuruzi bwo kwipfunyikira ubwabwo bugenda burushaho kugaragara mubikorwa bigezweho. Ibi birerekana ko gupakira byateye imbere kugeza ubu, nubwo kwishingikiriza kubicuruzwa kubipakira byiyongereye, kwishingikiriza kubijyanye no gupakira ibicuruzwa byagabanutse, kandi ubwigenge bujyanye nacyo bwiyongereye.

Kugeza ubu, umusaruro upakira wabaye umwe mu nzego z'ingenzi zinganda. Mu nganda 40 zikomeye muri iki gihugu, inganda zipakiruka ku ya 12. Gupakira, nkibindi bicuruzwa bikenewe byimirimo, bifite imiterere yibicuruzwa kandi byabaye ikintu cyubucuruzi hagati yishami. Igitekerezo cyo gupakira kigezweho cyerekana imiterere yibicuruzwa, uburyo no gukora umusaruro wo gupakira. Agaciro ko gupakira kashyizwe mubikorwa byibicuruzwa, bidashobora kwishyurwa gusa mugihe ibicuruzwa bigurishijwe gusa, ariko kandi birenze urugero kubitanga isoko nibisabwa. Gupakira neza birashobora kuzana inyungu nini zubukungu. Gupakira nigice cyingenzi cyibicuruzwa, umubare munini wibicuruzwa nyuma yo gupakira, kurangiza inzira yacyo, kugirango winjire kuzenguruka no gukoresha imirima. Mu rwego rwo gupakira injeniyeri, muri rusange, ibicuruzwa wongeyeho ibipakira birashobora gukora ibicuruzwa byo guhatanira. Gupakira bishingiye ku mubare runaka wibicuruzwa, ibiranga, imiterere nububiko no gutwara abantu nibikoresho bya tekiniki, hamwe nibikoresho bya tekiniki, hamwe nuburyo bwo gupakurura, hamwe nuburyo, urwego, ubunyangamugayo nibindi biranga. Duhereye ku bigize umubiri uhimbye, gupakira, gukenera gukoresha ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe bipakira, binyuze mubikorwa runaka byo gupakira ikoranabuhanga, bifite imiterere yihariye, imiterere n'imitako. Kubwibyo, ibikoresho byo gupakira, tekinike yo gupakira, imiterere yo gupakira imideli no gupakira hejuru nibintu bine bigize urwego rwo gupakira. Ibikoresho byo gupakira nimpamvu yibikoresho byo gupakira, nibyitwaramo ibikoresho byo gupakira ikoranabuhanga ryikoranabuhanga ni urufunguzo rwo kugera kubice byo kurinda no kwemeza ko ibicuruzwa byimbere. Imiterere yo gupakira muburyo nuburyo bwihariye bwibikoresho byo gupakira hamwe nikoranabuhanga. Gushushanya gupakira ni ihuriro ryibintu bine ukoresheje ishusho no kwerekana uburyo bwiza, kuzamurwa no gutangiza uburyo buke bwo kurangiza, gusa muri ubu buryo burashobora kuba isoko ikeneye urwego rwo gupakira

Icya gatatu, imikorere yo gupakira

Imikorere yo gupakira igaragara cyane mubice bikurikira

1. Kurinda ibicuruzwa

Kurinda ibicuruzwa nimwe mubikorwa byingenzi byo gupakira. Ibicuruzwa muburyo bwo kuzenguruka, birashobora guhinduka kubintu bitandukanye byo hanze, bikaviramo umwanda wibicuruzwa, ibyangiritse, byangiritse cyangwa byangiritse, kugirango ibicuruzwa bigabanye cyangwa bitakaza agaciro ko gukoresha. Gupakira siyanse kandi byumvikana birashobora gutuma ibicuruzwa birwanya ibyangiritse kubintu bitandukanye byo hanze, kugirango birinde imikorere yibicuruzwa no kwemeza ubuziranenge nubunini bwibicuruzwa.Gutyakunywa itabi, agasanduku k'itabi, agasanduku gahuriweho, agasanduku k'itabi.

2. Korohereza ibicuruzwa kuzunguruka

Gupakira bitanga ibihe byibanze no korohereza ibicuruzwa. Ibicuruzwa bipakiwe hakurikijwe ibisobanuro bimwe, imiterere, ubwinshi, ingano nibindi bikoresho byo kubikamo, kandi hanze yububiko rusange, bukubiyemo ubwikorezi bwibicuruzwa, kubara no kubara no kubara no kubara no kubara no kubara no kubara no kubara no kubara no kubara no kubara no kubara no kubara no kubara no kubara no kubara no kubara no kubara no kubara no kubara no kubara no kubara no kubara no kubara no kubara no kubara no kubara no kubara no kubara no kubara no kubara no kubara no kubara no kubara no kubara no kubara no kubara no kubara no kubara no kubara no kubara no kubara no kubara no kubara no kubara no kubara no kubara no kubara no kubara no kubara no kubara no kubara no kubara no kubara no kubara no kubara. Irafasha kandi gukoresha neza uburyo butandukanye bwo gutwara no kubika, kunoza imizigo no gupakurura, kwitwara neza no guhuza imikorere, no kunoza inyungu z'ibicuruzwa byo kuzenguruka ibicuruzwa.

3. Guteza imbere no kwagura ibicuruzwa byateguwe neza ibipakira ibicuruzwa birashobora kugira uruhare mugutezimbere ibicuruzwa, gutunganya ibicuruzwa no guteza imbere ibicuruzwa. Gupakira ntibishobora kunoza irushanwa ryisoko gusa yibicuruzwa, ariko kandi bikurura abakiriya hamwe nigituba cyayo nubuyobozi budasanzwe, bikaba ikintu cyambere cyo guteza imbere kugura abaguzi, ni umucuruzi ucecetse wibicuruzwa. Gupakira neza bifite akamaro gakomeye mugutezimbere imbaraga zo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze, kwagura ibyoherezwa mu mahanga no guteza imbere iterambere ry'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga.

4. Byoroshye kubaguzi kugirango bakoreshe

Gupakira ibicuruzwa hamwe nibicuruzwa bitandukanye, uburyo butandukanye, ingano ya paki irakwiye, yoroshye kubaguzi gukoresha, kuzigama no gutwara. Igishushanyo, ikirango hamwe nibisobanuro byinyandiko kuri paki byoroshye kubaguzi kugirango tumenye, kandi binamenyemire ibicuruzwa, gukoresha, gukoresha uburyo bworoshye kandi bugayobora mugukoresha.

5. Bika amafaranga

Gupakira bifitanye isano rya hafi nigiciro cyumusaruro. Gupakira neza birashobora gutuma ibicuruzwa bitatanye byinjijwe muburyo runaka, bityo rero byuzuye imbaraga zo gupakira no gutwara abantu no gupakurura ubwikorezi no gupakurura, birashobora kuzigama ibiciro byo gutwara, kubika ububiko nibindi bikoresho. Ibikoresho bimwe bipakira birashobora kandi gukoreshwa inshuro nyinshi, kuzigama umusaruro wibikoresho byo gupakira hamwe nibikoresho bipakira, bifasha kugabanya ibiciro no kuzamura inyungu zubukungu.

Muri make, imirimo yibanze yibipfunyika yibicuruzwa bigomba kuba: imikorere yo kurinda, imikorere yoroshye, kuzamurwa no kuzamura no kwerekana imikorere.

Kane, ibigize paki

Igisobanuro cyo gupakira: Gupakira bivuga gushiraho rusange ibicuruzwa nyuma yo gupakira, ni ukuvuga manda rusange nibicuruzwa. Mubisanzwe bigizwe nibice bitatu: ibicuruzwa, gupakira imbere no gupakira hanze.

Ibice bikunze gupakira birimo ibice 8, aribyo: Ibice birimo ibice, ibice byagenwe, ibice bya buffer, ibice byo gutondekanya, ibice byo kwinginga, ibice byo kurwanya no kwerekana hejuru. Ibipanda bisanzwe ntabwo byanze bikunze birimo byose byavuzwe haruguru.

Bitanu, ibisabwa byibanze byo gupakira

Fasha Umuhanda, Urutoki rwuzuye Urutoki Saice Kunda Umubyeyi

1. Kumenyera ibiranga ibicuruzwa, gupakira ibicuruzwa bigomba gushingira kubiranga ibicuruzwa hamwe nikoranabuhanga rijyanye neza nibisabwa byujuje ibisabwa byumubiri na shimi

2. Hindura imiterere yo kuzenguruka

Kugirango umutekano wibicuruzwa muburyo bwose bwo kuzenguruka, ibipakira ibicuruzwa bigomba kugira imbaraga runaka, gukomera, ibintu bihamye kandi biramba. Ku buryo butandukanye bwo gutwara no gukoresha ubwikorezi, ibikoresho bihuriweho no kuvura tekiniki nabyo bigomba gukoreshwa. Muri make, ibipapuro byose bigomba guhuza nububiko no gutwara abantu hamwe nibisabwa imbaraga murwego rwo kuzenguruka

3, gupakira bigomba kuba bikwiye kandi biringaniye

Kubipakira ibicuruzwa, ingano yibikoresho byo gupakira hamwe nibicuruzwa byimbere bigomba kuba bikwiye, kandi ikiguzi cyo gupakira kigomba kuba gihuye nibikenewe byimbere. Kubika umwanya munini kandi upakira ikiguzi cyo hejuru cyane cyane ugereranije nagaciro kwose k'ibicuruzwa ni bibi kubaguzi.

Gupakira ibicuruzwa bigomba kuba bisanzwe, hamwe nuburemere bwo gupakira, ibisobanuro nibipimo, ibikoresho byo gupakira, koroshya ibitekerezo, bigabanya ibiciro bya kontineri, kandi bigabanya ibiciro bya kontineri, bikaba biranga, kurokora ibikoresho fatizo, Korohereza kuranga no gupima, no gufasha kurinda ubuziranenge bwibipakira ibicuruzwa hamwe numutekano wibicuruzwa

Inyungu, Kuyobya Kuyobya "Gupakira cyane".

Ibisabwa icyatsi kibisi nibidukikije bifite ibintu bibiri byubusobanuro: Icyambere, guhitamo ibikoresho byo gupakira, ibikoresho byabigenewe bigomba kuba byiza kandi bifite isuku kubicuruzwa nabaguzi. Icya kabiri, tekinike yo gupakira hamwe nibikoresho bikoreshwa bifite umutekano nicyatsi kibisi. Muguhitamo ibikoresho bipakira no kumusaruro, dukwiye gukurikiza amahame yiterambere rirambye, kuzigama ingufu, gukoresha hasi, imikorere yo hejuru, gukumira kwanduza, cyangwa gutesha agaciro, cyangwa gutesha agaciro gutukwa nyuma yimyanda.

6. Ibisabwa bya tekiniki yo gupakira

1. Igitekerezo cyo gupakira ikoranabuhanga bivuga ingamba za tekiniki zivuga kugirango urwanye ibintu byimbere kandi byo hanze bireba ubuziranenge kugirango wirinde gutakaza ubwinshi no gukumira ibintu bikwirakwizwa. 2. Ibisabwa byubuhanga bwibicuruzwa.

Ibintu byimbere ninyuma bigira ingaruka kumpinduka yibicuruzwa bigabanyijemo ibice byumubiri, imiti, ibinyabuzima nibindi bintu. Ikoranabuhanga ryo kurengera ibicuruzwa nimbaraga zihariye zo gukumira zafashwe kubintu byavuzwe haruguru kandi byo hanze bireba ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa.

7. Ubwiza bwibicuruzwa no gupakira

Nkuko imvugo igenda: "Indabyo zitukura ni nziza, ariko nanone ibibabi bibisi inkunga." Ubwiza bwibicuruzwa no gupakira, nkubwiza bwibibabi bya Saflower hamwe nibibabi bibisi birumvikana ko abantu bitaganza, abantu ntabwo bagura gupakira kugura ibicuruzwa.

"Ariko gupakira ntibigomba kwirengagizwa. Gupakira neza ntibishobora kurengera gusa ibicuruzwa, byoroshye kugurisha no gutwara ibintu bya sisitemu yo kongera agaciro, ariko nanone ni byiza kugurisha Ingingo y'ingenzi. Urugero, Ubushinwa bumaze kohereza amacupa mato ya Qingdao byeri muri Amerika, Ibara ry'amacunga y'ifatizo n'iryoshye. Ariko umunwa wa vino Tringao guhabwa imyambaro mishya.

Ariko, hamwe no gusobanukirwa n'akamaro ko gupakira, ibigo bimwe bikoresha gupakira kugirango uhishe ibicuruzwa bikennye. Abashushanya bapakira bagomba kwirinda gukabya.