Imurikagurisha rya Shenzhen ryumva ko gupakira bivuga inzira yo gushyira ibicuruzwa cyangwa ibintu mubikoresho byabigenewe, imifuka yo gupakira, amakarito, amacupa, nibindi, bigamije kugera kubintu byinshiagasanduku k'itabi nko kurinda, gutwara, kwerekana, no kugurisha. Igikorwa cyibanze cyo gupakira ni ukureba ubusugire numutekano wibicuruzwa no kwirinda kwangirika cyangwa kwangirika mugihe cyo gutwara no kubika. Muri icyo gihe, gupakira nuburyo nuburyo bwingenzi bwo kugeza amakuru kubicuruzwa nibisobanuro biranga abakiriya, bifasha kuzamura isoko no guhatanira ibicuruzwa.
Igishushanyo nibikoresho byatoranijweagasanduku k'itabi gupakira biroroshye kandi bitandukanye kugirango bihuze ibicuruzwa bitandukanye nibikenewe ku isoko. Ukurikije ibikoresho byakoreshejwe, gupakira birashobora kugabanwa mubikarito, gupakira plastike, gupakira ibyuma, gupakira ibirahuri, gupakira fibre, nibindi. Buri bikoresho bifite ibyiza byihariye kandi bikurikizwa, nkibikarito byangiza ibidukikije kandi bihendutse, Ibikoresho bya pulasitike birinda amazi kandi biramba, gupakira ibyuma birwanya umuvuduko kandi byiza, gupakira ibirahuri biragaragara kandi birangirira hejuru, nibindi.
Gupakira birashobora kandi gushyirwa mubikorwa ukurikije imikoreshereze, harimo gupakira abaguzi, gupakira inganda no gupakira ibintu. Ibicuruzwa bipfunyika byibanda kubwiza no gukurura abakiriya kugura; gupakira mu nganda byibanda ku kurinda no gukora kugira ngo umutekano w’ibicuruzwa mu gihe cyo gutunganya inganda; mugihe gupakira ibintu byibanda kuramba no korohereza ubwikorezi burebure bwibicuruzwa. Kugera neza aho ujya mugihe cyo gutwara.
Imurikagurisha rya Shenzhen rirabyumvaagasanduku k'itabi gupakira ntabwo ari igikoresho cyo kurinda ibicuruzwa no gutwara abantu gusa, ahubwo nuburyo bukomeye bwo kubaka ibicuruzwa no kwamamaza. Binyuze mu gishushanyo mbonera no gukoresha neza, gupakira birashobora kongera agaciro kongerewe ibicuruzwa, bikongerera abakiriya ubushake bwo kugura, kandi bigatera imbaraga zikomeye mu iterambere rirambye ryibigo. Inganda zipakira ni umurima mugari kandi utandukanye, zikubiyemo ibintu byinshi biva mu musaruro wibikoresho,agasanduku k'itabi igishushanyo mbonera, gukora no gutunganya kugurisha na logistique. Hamwe n'iterambere ry'ubukungu bw'isi no guhindura ibyo abaguzi bakeneye, inganda zipakira zirimo guhanga udushya no guhinduka.
Inzira yo hejuru yinganda zipakira zirimo ahanini gutanga ibikoresho bibisi, harimo impapuro, uduce twa plastike, impapuro zicyuma, ibirahure nibikoresho bitandukanye bya fibre. Ibikoresho fatizo bigira uruhare runini mu nganda zipakira.
Imurikagurisha rya Shenzhen ryamenye ko porogaramu zikoreshwa mu nganda zipakira ari nini cyane, zikubiyemo inganda nyinshi nk'ibiribwa n'ibinyobwa, ibikoresho byo mu rugo, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ibikoresho bya e-ubucuruzi, imashini n'ibikoresho, ibikomoka ku miti, imiti ya buri munsi, na farumasi n'ubuzima ibicuruzwa. Muri izo nganda, gupakira ntabwo aribwo buryo bwingenzi bwo kurinda ibicuruzwa no kuzamura ibicuruzwa, ahubwo binagira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye isura yerekana ibicuruzwa no guhangana ku isoko ku bicuruzwa.
By'umwihariko mu nganda zikora impapuro, inganda zayo zo hepfo ziratandukanye cyane, zikubiyemo imirima hafi yose nk'ibiribwa n'ibinyobwa, ibikoresho byo mu rugo, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ibikoresho bya e-ubucuruzi, imashini n'ibikoresho, imiti, imiti ya buri munsi, ubuvuzi n'ubuvuzi. Ibi byerekana ko gupakira bigira uruhare runini mubucuruzi no mubuzima bwa buri munsi.
Iterambere ryimiterere yaagasanduku k'itabi inganda zo gupakira
Inganda zipakira Ubushinwa zikeneye abantu benshi kandi ubumenyi bwa tekinoloji n’ikoranabuhanga byiyongera uko umwaka utashye. Yabaye igice cy'ingenzi kandi cy'ingenzi mu bukungu bw'igihugu. Ihererekanyabubasha ry’inganda zitunganya inganda n’inganda n’inkunga ikomeye itangwa na leta, umubare w’inganda mu nganda zipakira igihugu cyanjye uragenda wiyongera. Nk’uko imibare iheruka ibigaragaza, umubare w’amasosiyete apakira ibicuruzwa hejuru y’ubunini bwagenwe mu gihugu cyanjye azagera ku 9.860 mu 2022, yiyongera ku 1029 ugereranije na 2021.
Ku bijyanye n’amafaranga yinjira, inganda zipakira igihugu cyanjye hejuru y’ubunini bwagenwe zinjije miliyari 1.229.334 mu mwaka wa 2022, ziyongeraho miliyari 25.153 ugereranije na 2021. Ku bijyanye n’inganda, inganda zipakira impapuro hamwe n’ibipfunyika bya firime bifite umwanya munini ku isoko, bingana na 31.09%. Bikurikiranye nimpapuro namakarito yinganda, bingana na 24.77%. Byongeye kandi, udusanduku twa paki twa plastike n'ibikoresho, ibikoresho byo gupakira ibyuma nibikoresho, ibikoresho bidasanzwe byo gutunganya plastiki, ibikoresho byo gupakira ibirahure, ibicuruzwa bya cork nibindi bicuruzwa byibiti nabyo bifite umugabane runaka ku isoko.
Ku bijyanye n’inyungu, mu 2022, inganda zipakira igihugu cyanjye hejuru y’ubunini bwagenwe zungutse inyungu zingana na miliyari 63.107. Muri byo, inganda za firime za plastike zifite inyungu nyinshi, zigera kuri 33.91%. Ibikoresho by'impapuro n'amakarito, udusanduku two gupakira twa pulasitike n'ibikoresho, ibikoresho bidasanzwe byo gutunganya plastiki, ibikoresho byo gupakira ibyuma n'ibikoresho, hamwe n'ibikoresho byo gupakira ibirahure nabyo bigira uruhare runini mu nyungu.
Ku bijyanye n’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga, inganda zipakira igihugu cyanjye zagumanye amafaranga asagutse. Kuva muri Mutarama kugeza Ukuboza 2022, inganda zo gupakira ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byari miliyari 55.252 z'amadolari y'Amerika, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 12.85%; ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga byari miliyari 14.111 US $, umwaka ushize ugabanuka 15.05%. Ku bijyanye n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, gupakira ibintu bya pulasitike ni byo bihugu by’ibanze by’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, bingana na 65.91%. Ku bijyanye n’ibitumizwa mu mahanga, gupakira plastike nabyo bifata umwanya wiganje, bingana na 90.13% byagaciro kinjiza.
Duhereye ku gukwirakwiza geografiya i Shenzhenagasanduku k'itabi Imurikagurisha ryapakiwe, intara nkuru zoherezwa mu mahanga n’inganda zipakira ibicuruzwa mu gihugu cyanjye mu 2022 ni Intara ya Guangdong, Intara ya Zhejiang n’Intara ya Jiangsu, bingana na 26.40%, 21.01% na 11.90% by’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Ku bijyanye n’ibitumizwa mu mahanga, Jiangsu, Guangdong, na Shanghai n’intara nkuru zitumiza mu mahanga mu nganda zipakira ibicuruzwa mu gihugu cyanjye, zingana na 29.04%, 24.10%, na 18,76% by’agaciro k’ibitumizwa mu mahanga. Inganda zipakira muri utu turere zateye imbere byihuse kandi ubucuruzi bw’amahanga burakora, bugira uruhare runini mu iterambere rusange ry’inganda zipakira igihugu cyanjye.
Imiterere ihiganwa yinganda zipakira
Bitewe n'iterambere ryihuse ry'ubukungu bw'igihugu cyanjye, inganda zipakira nazo zageze ku majyambere akomeye. Isoko rinini ry’isoko hamwe n’ibidukikije byateye imbere byakuruye urujya n'uruza rw’ibigo byinshi bizwi mu gihugu no mu mahanga ndetse n’ishoramari ryigenga. Ibigo binini bipfunyika birarushanwa cyane kubera ubukungu bwabyo mubipimo byo kugura ibikoresho fatizo, umusaruro n'ibikoresho, kandi buhoro buhoro bifata imigabane ku isoko. Muri icyo gihe, uko ibisabwa byo kurengera ibidukikije bigenda bikomera, ikoranabuhanga n’ibikoresho mu nganda zipakira nabyo birahora bitera imbere, bigatuma ibigo bito bito biva ku isoko buhoro buhoro. By'umwihariko ku masosiyete yashyizwe ku rutonde, biroroshye kuri bo kubona inkunga y'amafaranga make yo kwagura ubucuruzi bwihuse.
Imurikagurisha rya Shenzhen ryamenye ko mumyaka yashize, impapuro zubukorikori zahindutse impapuro zo guhitamo mubice byinshi bitewe nimbaraga zayo nyinshi, ibintu byinshi kandi bigira ingaruka nke kubidukikije. Mubyukuri, kimwe mubyingenzi byingenzi ni uko ikoreshwa 100% kandi ikangiza ibidukikije.
Impapuro
Imurikagurisha rya Shenzhen ryamenye ko impapuro zubukorikori ari impapuro cyangwa ikarito ikozwe mu miti yimiti ikorwa nuburyo bwo gukora impapuro. Bitewe na kraft pulp inzira, impapuro zumwimerere zirakomeye, zirwanya amazi, zirwanya amarira, kandi zifite ibara ry'umuhondo-umukara.
Ubukorikori bwijimye bwijimye kurusha ibindi biti, ariko birashobora guhumeka kugirango bitange umweru wera cyane. Kraft pulp yuzuye neza ikoreshwa mugukora impapuro zujuje ubuziranenge aho imbaraga, umweru no kurwanya umuhondo ari ngombwa.
Itandukaniro riri hagati yimpapuro nimpapuro zisanzwe:
Abantu bamwe barashobora kuvuga, ni impapuro gusa, niki kidasanzwe kuri yo? Muri make, impapuro zubukorikori zirakomeye.
Bitewe nuburyo bwo gukora impapuro zavuzwe haruguru, inkwi nyinshi zambuwe kure yimpapuro zimpapuro, hasigara fibre nyinshi inyuma, bigaha impapuro ibintu birinda amarira kandi biramba.
Impapuro zumwimerere zimpapuro zikunze kuba nyinshi kuruta impapuro zisanzwe, bigatuma ingaruka zayo zo gucapa ziba mbi cyane, ariko birakwiriye cyane kubikorwa bimwe bidasanzwe, nko gushushanya cyangwa gushyirwaho kashe.
Amateka nibikorwa byo gukora impapuro
Imurikagurisha rya Shenzhen ryamenye ko impapuro zubukorikori ari ibikoresho bisanzwe bipfunyika kandi byitirirwa uburyo bwo gukora impapuro. Inyandiko yubukorikori yahimbwe na Carl F. Dahl i Danzig, muri Prussia, mu Budage mu 1879. Izina ryayo rikomoka mu kidage: “Ubukorikori” bisobanura imbaraga cyangwa imbaraga.
Ibikoresho byibanze byo gukora kraft pulp ni fibre yinkwi, amazi, imiti nubushyuhe. Kraft pulp ikorwa mukuvanga fibre yimbaho nigisubizo cya soda ya caustic na sodium sulfide hanyuma ukabiteka muri digester.
Ifu inyura mubikorwa byo gukora no kugenzura inzira nko kwibiza, guteka, guhumeka neza, gukubita, ubunini, kwera, kweza, kwerekana, gushiraho, kubura umwuma no gukanda, gukama, kalendari, no gutekesha, hanyuma bigatanga impapuro zubukorikori.
Gukoresha impapuro zubukorikori muriagasanduku k'itabi gupakira
Muri iki gihe, impapuro z'ubukorikori zikoreshwa cyane cyane mu dusanduku twafunitse, kimwe n'impapuro zitagira ingaruka za plastiki zikoreshwa mu mifuka y'impapuro nka sima, ibiryo, imiti, ibicuruzwa, abaguzi, imifuka y'ifu, n'ibindi.
Bitewe nigihe kirekire kandi gifatika cyimpapuro zubukorikori, amakarito yikarito arazwi cyane mubikorwa byihuta bya logistique. Ikarito irashobora kurinda ibicuruzwa neza kandi irashobora kwihanganira ibihe bibi byo gutwara abantu. Mubyongeyeho, igiciro nigiciro kijyanye niterambere ryibigo.
Imurikagurisha rya Shenzhen ryamenye ko agasanduku k'impapuro gakoreshwa kandi n’amasosiyete kugira ngo agere ku ntego zirambye z’iterambere, kandi agaragaza neza ingamba zo kurengera ibidukikije binyuze mu buryo busanzwe kandi bw’umwimerere bw’impapuro zijimye. Impapuro zubukorikori zirahuza cyane kandi zitanga ibintu bitandukanye muburyo bwo gupakira ibicuruzwa.
Mubisanzwe tuzahitamo bubble firime yo gupakira ibicuruzwa
Ibyiza byo gupfunyika ibibyimba ni uguhungabana no gukuramo ibintu. Cyane cyane mugihe cyo gutunganya no gutwara ibintu, ukoresheje ibipfunyika bipfunyika ibintu birashobora kurinda ibintu neza no kwirinda kugongana no kwangirika. Kugeza ubu, inganda zimwe na zimwe z’ubukorikori, inganda z’imodoka cyangwa ipikipiki zizahitamo firime ya bubble yo gupakira no gutwara ibicuruzwa, ntabwo bihendutse kandi byoroshye, ariko kandi birashobora kurinda ibicuruzwa neza.
Filime ya bubble ikozwe mubikoresho bya resin. Igice cyo hagati cya firime ya bubble cyuzuyemo umwuka, bityo tuzasanga firime ya bubble yoroshye cyane kandi ifite elastique nziza. Kubwibyo, firime ya bubble ifite umwuka mwiza. Byongeye kandi, firime ya bubble nayo ifite ibintu byingenzi biranga anti-ruswa no kurwanya ubushuhe. Nukuri kuberako imiterere yihariye nibikoresho bidasanzwe firime ya bubble itazakurura ubuhehere kandi ifite ibintu bimwe na bimwe bitarinda ubushuhe. Byongeye kandi, firime ya bubble irashobora kandi gukumira neza kwangirika muri acide zimwe na zimwe za alkali zibora, nkibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe bya elegitoroniki, ibicuruzwa byerekana amajwi cyangwa amavuta yo kwisiga bimwe na bimwe bishobora gupakirwa hamwe nigitambaro kugirango bibarinde neza.
Shenzhenagasanduku k'itabiImurikagurisha ryapimwe ryamenye ko, amaherezo, firime ya bubble nayo ifite uburyo bwiza bwo kubika amajwi, kuburyo mugihe cyo gutwara ibintu bimwe na bimwe binini, gukoresha firime ya bubble bishobora kugira uruhare runini rwimikorere, cyane cyane kubintu bimwe na bimwe bitwarwa mu cyi, gukoresha firime ya bubble gupakira birakwiye.
Gupfunyika amababi nta bara, nta mpumuro nziza kandi ntabwo ari uburozi. Ntabwo ifite imikorere myiza nibyiza gusa, ariko irashobora no guhindurwa mubunini no muburyo butandukanye ukurikije ibyo dukeneye kugirango duhuze ibintu byinshi bikenewe hamwe nibikoreshwa.
Itandukaniro hagati ya firime ya gourd na firime bubble
Imurikagurisha rya Shenzhen ryamenye ko ingingo ya mbere nubunini bwikibabi nyuma yifaranga. Nyuma yaagasanduku k'itabifirime ya bubble yuzuye, ibituba byakozwe ni bito kandi buri bubyigenge bwigenga. Imyanya hano ntabwo irinzwe niba igituba giturika. Calabash membrane iratandukanye. Ibibyimba byakozwe nyuma ya firime ya gourd byuzuye ni binini, kandi gaze nyinshi irashobora kwihanganira ingaruka zikomeye no kurinda ibicuruzwa. Mugihe kimwe, ibituba bya firime ya gourd bihujwe murukurikirane. Niba igituba gikubiswe kandi kigahindurwa nimbaraga nini zingaruka, gaze muri bubble izanyunyuzwa mubindi biti kugirango birinde kwangirika kubera umuvuduko mwinshi. Iyo izo mbaraga zibuze, gaze isubira muburyo bwayo bwa bubble hanyuma igasubira muburyo bwayo. Kimwe na firime ya bubble, firime ya gourd irashobora gupfunyika ibicuruzwa muburyo bwo gupfunyika no kurinda ibicuruzwa mu mpande zose nta mwanya uhumye.
Ingingo ya kabiri ni ikiguzi. Uhereye kubiciro byubuguzi, firime ya bubble na firime ya gourd birasa. Ariko ukurikije igiciro rusange, firime ya gourd irakwiriye. Kuki ubivuze? Kuberako firime ya bubble yuzuye nyuma yo gukorwa. Ninini cyane kandi ifata umwanya munini nubutunzi. Calabash membrane iratandukanye. Filime ya gourd imaze gukorwa, ibikwa muri firime. Urupapuro rumwe rufite umubyimba gusa nkimpapuro ebyiri A4, uzigama ububiko bwinshi nu mwanya wo gutwara hamwe nigiciro.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-27-2024