Inzira yo gupakira ibicuruzwa izagira ingaruka nikirere nibidukikije. Kuberako kuzenguruka intera yaUKGupakira Itabi Ibicuruzwa biratandukanye cyane tutitaye kubikorwa byubumenyi bwikirere nibidukikije. Gupakira abashinzwe ubuhanga bakeneye kumva amategeko ahindura ibidukikije, biga ingaruka z'imiterere y'ibidukikije ku mikorere n'imibereho ikenewe kugira ngo ipaki y'ibicuruzwa cyangwa ubuzima buke, kandi bigabanye igihombo cyo kuzenguruka.
Impamvu z'iteganyagihe zigira ingarukaGupakira itabi mu Bwongereza ikoranabuhanga Reba ku bihe, ahanini birimo ubushyuhe, ubushuhe, imvura na shelegi, umuyaga, imirasire y'izuba, n'ibindi.
1. DIARRRHEA
Umubare wumubiri ugaragaza urwego rwubushyuhe nubukonje bwibiryo, aribyo ubushyuhe bwikinyo. Ubushyuhe mu kirere muri rusange bivuga ubushyuhe bwagaragaye na sitasiyo y'ikirere, ni ukuvuga ubushyuhe bwo mu kirere ku burebure bwa metero 2 uvuye mu butaka, nta zuba ryiza kandi rikwirakwizwa.
Uburebure nicyo kintu nyamukuru mubushyuhe ahantu hatandukanye, hakurikiraho ubutaka nuburebure. Igihugu cyacu gifite ifasi nini, ifite itandukaniro rikomeye mu butumburuke n'ibihe mu turere dutandukanye. Kurugero, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru mububase bwa Turpan bumaze kugera 48°C, mugihe Mothe, Helongjiang, ubushyuhe bwiboneye nko hasi ya 50°C. Akarere k'iburasirazuba gafite ubushyuhe, bukabije, bushyushye, bukonje hamwe n'ibindi bibanza biva mu majyepfo mu majyaruguru tujya mu majyaruguru. Kuri QINGHAI-tibet, hari zone yimidugudu miremire yimisozi numwaka-uzengurutse ikirere. Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bufite impinduka zuzuye kandi zumwaka, bituma ubushyuhe bwikirere bugira impinduka zuzuye kandi zumwaka. Ihinduka ni guclilial kandi biterwa nimpinduka mu ngengo yimari yubutaka.
Ubushyuhe bwa buri munsi bufite agaciro ntarengwa kandi ntarengwa. Ubushyuhe bwo hasi bubaho hafi izuba rirashe. Izuba rirashe, umwuka urahaguruka buhoro buhoro, ugera ahanini agaciro hagati ya 14 na 15 saa kumi n'e saa 15, hanyuma ukareka buhoro buhoro kugeza izuba rirashe. Itandukaniro riri hagati yubushyuhe bwo hejuru nubushyuhe bwo hasi cyane mumanywa n'ijoro byitwa ubushyuhe bwa nijoro, bujyanye n'uburebure, igihe, imiterere, imiterere y'ubutaka n'uburebure.
Ihinduka ngarukamwaka mubushyuhe naryo rifite agaciro ntarengwa hamwe nigiciro gito (usibye ahantu hafi ya ekwateri). Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwumwaka buboneka mu cyi, ahanini muri Nyakanga ku mugabane wa Afurika no muri Kanama ku nyanja. Ubushyuhe bwo hasi buboneka mu gihe cy'itumba, ahanini muri Mutarama ku mugabane wa Afurika no muri Gashyantare ku nyanja. Itandukaniro riri hagati yubushyuhe bwukwezi bushyushye hamwe nubushyuhe busanzwe bwukwezi gukonje cyane mumwaka byitwa ubushyuhe bwumwaka. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, ingano yacyo nayo ifitanye isano nibintu nkuburebure, topografiya, imitungo yubutaka, ikirere nuburebure. Kurugero, mu turere dushyuha, impuzandengo yubushyuhe bwumwaka kumugabane irashobora kugera kuri 20°C, mugihe uri mubice byo ku nkombe ni 5°C, hamwe nubushyuhe bwumwaka ntabwo ari bunini. Umwaka wumwaka ni munini cyane muri zone yubushyuhe, kandi yongera hamwe no kongera uburebure nubujyakuzimu. Umwaka wumwaka kuruhande rwinyanja ni 15°C, mugihe ku mugabane ushobora kugera kuri 50 ~ 60°C.
Impinduka za buri munsi mubushyuhe zizagira ingaruka kumiterere yububiko. Mu turere dutukura tropique hamwe nibirina binini bya nimugoroba, ubushyuhe bwa dilon burashobora kuba hafi ya 30°C Mu masaha 8 kuva mbere yuko izuba rirasa. Itandukaniro rinini ryubushyuhe bwa buri munsi rishobora gutera ubuherohewe busanzwe ugereranije nibipakira bifunze.
Imishinga nyamukuru yo gupakira ibiryo ni ukubuza ibiryo mu bidukikije bizenguruka, menya neza ubuziranenge bwo kwanduzwa na mikoromuco n'umwanda, bigatuma umusaruro ushyira mu gaciro, kandi utezimbere kandi utezimbere kuzenguruka ibiryo. no gucunga ubucuruzi kugirango wongere agaciro k'ibicuruzwa. Kuri iyi ntego, gupakira ibiryo byemeza urukurikirane rw'ikoranabuhanga rishya no gutunganya, harimo no gupakira imifuka ya retort ikoranabuhanga y'ibiryo, ikoranabuhanga ry'ibiryo byihuseGupakira itabi mu Bwongereza Ikoranabuhanga, Gupakira Ikoranabuhanga Budasanzwe, nibindi. Tuzasesengura ingero, tuzasesengura inzira yo gupakira ibinyobwa byamakuru ya 1. Ibiranga ibinyobwa byimbuto nibisabwa byimbuto kubipakira
Umutobe ukozwe mu mbuto zitandukanye, zitandukanye mu guhimba n'umutungo. Ibintu nyamukuru bijyanye no gupakira ni acide, enzymes, vitamine c, ibara na impumuro yumutobe.
Imbuto n'umutobe byose birimo aside kamangano kugirango utandukanye. Acide organic irashobora gukomeza impumuro idasanzwe yimbuto, tanga abantu uburyohe, kandi bigirira akamaro ubuzima bwabantu. Kubwibyo, ibipimo bipakira ntibigomba kurinda aside kama cyangwa mu mitobe yimbuto, ariko kandi irinde acide organic gukora. Ingaruka zangiza acide kubipakira. PH yimbuto z'umutobeGupakira itabi mu Bwongereza muri rusange munsi ya 4.5. Bagiteri ntizizakura mubihe bisanzwe. Kwangirika k'umutobe w'imbuto biterwa ahanini n'umusemburo no kubumba. Ku bushyuhe bwicyumba, umutobe utabizerera kubera ermentation yasinziriye, nayamara gutera ico inzoga n'imbuto kubera umusemburo cyangwa mold yo mukura hejuru. Kurinda imirano, bigomba guhitanwa na storilique hagamijwe ubushyuhe bwinshi
Ni ukuvuga, koresha isahani cyangwa umuyoboro wubushyuhe bwo guhashya umutobe kugeza 110°C kandi ubigumane kumasegonda 15, cyangwa kuyungurura hanyuma wongererane kugirango ukureho umutobe or ibuza ingaruka zangiza zumusemburo. Vitamine C mu mutobe irazimira byoroshye, cyane cyane mubikorwa byicyuma bifite icyuma gike, umuringa cyangwa amabati. Bitewe no kuba hari ishyari, Vitamine C ari oxiside byoroshye. Kubwibyo, guteka byihuse birashobora kugabanya ingaruka za aside acide acide. , kugabanya rexidation reaction no kurinda vitamine C. Gupakira Vitamine no Kwipimbano byoroheje no kubika ubushyuhe bwo hasi nabwo bizagabanya igihombo cya sumin C. Ongeraho ingaruka zikingira vitamine C. 2.
Igishushanyo cyibikoresho byo gupakira aseptic kumibyimu Ibiryo by'umutobe birahitana ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, hanyuma ubushyuhe bwamanuwe kugeza 20 ~ 30°C guhura nibisabwa bisabwa. Ibikoresho byo gupakira ibiryo byimbuto nuburyo bupakira bushyiramo umutobe wa sterile, ibikoresho byo gupakira no gupakira ibikoresho byabafasha mubidukikije byuzuza no kuzuza kashe.
Ibikoresho byo gupakira bikoreshwa muburyo bwo gupakira andeptic harimo ibikombe, agasanduku, imifuka, ingunguru, nibindi, nibikoresho byo gupakira ahanini bihuza firime. Ireme ryaGupakira itabi mu Bwongereza Amakarito yakozwe muri firime zombi ni 8% gusa yicupa ryibirahure byijwi rimwe. Ntabwo ifite igiciro gito gusa, ahubwo gifite imbaraga zitagabanije, zifasha kurinda ibidukikije.
Imiterere hamwe nubushakashatsi budashoboka bwo gupakira ikarito bipakurura bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 8-4. Ibikoresho byikarito ni film yagizwe na firime esheshatu, aribyo polyethylene / impapuro / aluminiylene ibikoresho, 20% ni polyethlene, kandi 5% ni 5% ni aluminiyumu.
Gushushanya ibishushanyo, kwiyongera ibintu, gukata no gutwara impapuro zo hanze yikarito yapakiye pajipo yo gupakira yose irangiye nabakora ibibanza bapakira muburyo bwa papa. Ibiciro bisanzwe byamatafariGupakira itabi mu Bwongereza Ikarito ku isoko ifite ubushobozi bwa 250ml, kandi ibipimo byayo byerekanwe ku gishushanyo cya 8-4 (b). Umurongo ukomeye mu gishushanyo cyerekana umurongo wa kontour waciwe, umurongo utunganijwe ugereranya umurongo werekana indentation kumurongo wimbere, numurongo utudomo ugereranya umurongo wa indentation wububiko bwo hanze. Ibikoresho byo gupakira ibikoresho bitwarwa kuruganda rwapabukwa bufite diameter ya 800mm nuburebure bwa 800m. Amatafari agera ku 5.000 ajyanye no gupakira amakarito ya 250m arashobora kubyara.
Ibiyobyabwenge ni ibicuruzwa bidasanzwe bigira ingaruka mubuzima bwabantu n'umutekano byabantu, bityo bigomba gukorwa murwego rwohejuru kugirango tumenye neza. Umutekano ni impamyabumenyi. Imyitozo myiza yo gukora (GMP) ya farumasi yateguwe numuryango wubuzima bwisi (W0) ni ugushyira mubikorwa imiyoborere myiza yimiti yimikorere, nko kugenzura ibikoresho bya farumasi, ubwinshi no gutanga ibikorwa bya farumasi. Hano hari amabwiriza asobanutse aho hantu, abakozi bakora ibipakira naUk itabigupakira Ibikoresho, ibikoresho byo gupakira, ibikoresho byo gupakira, ibimenyetso byo gupakira, nibindi bisabwa byashyizwe imbere. Muri make, gupakira imiti bigomba kuba umutekano kandi wizewe. Kurinda neza. Byoroshye gutunganya. Guteza ibicuruzwa, kuba ubukungu, byoroshye gukoresha, kohereza amakuru nibindi bikorwa
1.UK Itabi pgukata ibisabwa kumiti itandukanye.
Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwimiti, nibisabwa tekiniki kubipakira birimo 1) ingaruka zibintu byo hanze kumiterere yubuvuzi. Imiti irashobora kwibasirwa cyane ningaruka zumubiri, imiti, mikorobe nibihe. Kurugero, mu kirere no kwishingikiriza hamwe. Biroroshye kurira kandi bigatera kwandura, biroroshye kubora no guhindura ibara mugihe uhuye nubwiza, kandi biroroshye gusezerana no koroshya iyo uhuye nubushyuhe, bityo bitera imiti gutakaza imbaraga. Rimwe na rimwe, aho gukiza indwara, birashobora gutera uburwayi no guhungabanya ubuzima bwubuzima. Rero. Utitaye kumiterere, imiterere, gushushanya, gushushanya no guhitamo ibikoresho byo gupakira imiti, ikintu cya mbere cyo gusuzuma nikigero cyacyo cyo gukingira, ni ukuvuga gukomeza gukora imiti. Impuzandengo yigihe cyemewe nimyaka 2, kandi bamwe barashobora kugera kumyaka irenga 3. Kubwibyo, gupakira bigomba kandi kwemeza ko ibiyitisi bihamye mugihe cyagenwe kandi ntikizangirika. Uburyo butandukanye bwa Stage yangirika muburyo butandukanye. Imiti ikomeye nkibinini hamwe nabafu byoroshye birashobora kwibasirwa nubushuhe. Iyo ubushyuhe nubushuhe buhindutse, imiterere yabo nubwiza buzohinduka buhoro buhoro. Kurugero, nyuma yibinini byinkoko bihinduka urusenze, ubuso buzasuzugura kandi buzagaragara mugihe. Ibice bizagabanya ibirimo byingenzi byibiyobyabwenge kandi bigabanye akamaro. Urundi rugero ni ibintu byihutirwa bya powerume na granules nyuma yo gutombora, nabyo bigabanya imikorere nimiti myiza. Amazi cyangwa inshinge nindi miti ntabwo ishobora kuba nziza, ariko zikunda okiside mugihe uhuye numwuka, uzahindura kandi ibice byingenzi byumuti kandi bikatera kugabana. Cyangwa imvura: Imiti imwe iranduzwa na bagiteri zoroshye, ibumba, na fungi kandi byangiriye nabi, gutakaza rwose kandi bigahinduka ibicuruzwa byo hasi no kuba maso no kuba maso.
Ibiyobyabwenge bya Viscous nka Bofpening Abakozi boroheje bazarohamye, cyangwa ibimama bikaba bihinduka no guhinduka amabara munsi yubushyuhe no guhura numucyo. Ibisabwa 2 bipakira ibiyobyabwenge. Mbere ya byose, imitekerereze yabarwayi nibisabwa bigomba kwitabwaho, kandi amakuru ahagije agomba gushyirwa kugirango abaguzi bumve ibiyobyabwenge nogukora inyuma yibiyobyabwenge, imikorere nyayo kuri iyo ndwara, nuburyo bwo kuyifata. Igishushanyo gikwiye kwerekana kumva umutekano no kwizerana kandi bigomba kuba byoroshye gukoresha, gutwara no kubika. Igomba kandi gufatwa nkigishushanyo cyo gupakira Automation kugirango utezimbere umusaruro. Imbonerahamwe 8-6 yerekana ibyiciro byimpapuro za farumasi hamwe nuburyo bwo gupakira bikoreshwa mugusubiramo.
2. Igishushanyo cya farumasiGupakira itabi mu BwongerezaImikorere yo kurinda.
Hashingiwe ku gukwirakwiza imiti ibidukikije, nk'ubushyuhe, ubushuhe, ogisijeni, urumuri, n'ibikoresho bikwiye n'ibikoresho bigomba gutoranywa ku gishushanyo cyo gupakira. Ku miti igira ingaruka byoroshye kubushuhe, ibikoresho byo gupakira ubuhehere bugomba gukoreshwa.
Ikwirakwizwa ry'ubushuhe ugereranije ku isi rihinduka n'uburinganire. Kuva kuri Ekwateri kugeza hafi ya Land-Latitude (hafi 35°), ubushuhe ugereranije bugabanuka hamwe nubunini. Iyo uhindutse uva mu burebure kugeza uburebure bukabije, kuko ubushyuhe bugabanuka buhoro buhoro, ubushyuhe bugereranije bwiyongera hamwe n'uburebure.
Agace mu majyepfo yuruzi rwa Yangtze mugihugu cyanjye ni ubuhe buryo buhendutse, hamwe nigihe cyimpuzandengo yumwaka ugereranyije cya metero 70% kugeza 80% nubushuhe bwuzuye bwa 1.6 kugeza 2.4Kpa; Umubare wimibare yimiterere ya buri mwaka ubushuhe hejuru ya 80% kuri 50% byamasaha yose yumwaka. Amasaha afite konte ya 90% kuri 25% yumwaka. Ikigereranyo ngarukamwaka ugereranije n'ubushuhe bw'inzuzi z'umuhondo ni 70%, kandi ubushuhe rwose ni 1.2Kpa; Ubushinwa bwo mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bw'Ubushinwa
Ikigereranyo ngarukamwaka kigereranyo ugereranije muri kariya gace ni 70%, kandi ubushuhe rwose ni 0.8kpa gusa.
Igihe cyohereza: Jun-05-2024