Agasanduku k'icyatsi kibisi Ibikoresho

Ingaruka y'ibikoresho byo gupakira kubidukikije n'umutungo
Ibikoresho ni umusingi nimbanzirizamushinga yiterambere ryubukungu nimbonezamubano. Muburyo bwo gusarura ibikoresho, kubikuramo, gutegura, kubyaza umusaruro, gutunganya, gutwara, gukoresha no kujugunya, kuruhande rumwe, biteza imbere iterambere ryimibereho nubukungu niterambere ryimibereho yabantu, kurundi ruhande. Ikoresha kandi imbaraga nyinshi nubutunzi, ikanasohora imyanda myinshi, imyanda n’imyanda isigara, yanduza ubuzima bwabantu. Imibare itandukanye yerekana ko, uhereye ku isesengura ry’ubucucike bw’ingufu zikoreshwa n’umutungo n’intandaro yo kwanduza ibidukikije, ibikoresho n’inganda zabyo ni imwe mu nshingano nyamukuru zitera ibura ry’ingufu, gukoresha umutungo ukabije ndetse no kugabanuka. Hamwe niterambere ryibicuruzwa no kuzamuka byihuse kwinganda zipakira, ibikoresho byo gupakira nabyo bihura nikibazo kimwe. Dukurikije imibare ituzuye, ubu umuturage akoresha ibikoresho byo gupakira ku isi ni 145 kg ku mwaka. Muri toni miliyoni 600 z’imyanda n’amazi akomeye ikorwa ku isi buri mwaka, imyanda yo gupakira ni toni zigera kuri miliyoni 16, bingana na 25% by’imyanda yose yo mu mijyi. 15% bya misa. Birashoboka ko umubare utangaje uzatera umwanda ukabije w’ibidukikije no gutakaza umutungo mu gihe kirekire. By'umwihariko, "umwanda wera" uterwa n'imyanda yo gupakira ibintu idashobora kwangirika mu myaka 200 kugeza 400 iragaragara kandi iteye impungenge.
Agasanduku ka shokora

Ingaruka y'ibikoresho byo gupakira kubidukikije n'umutungo bigaragarira mubice bitatu.
(1) Umwanda uterwa nuburyo bwo gukora ibikoresho byo gupakira
Mu gukora ibikoresho byo gupakira, bimwe mubikoresho fatizo bitunganyirizwa gukora ibikoresho byo gupakira, kandi bimwe mubikoresho fatizo bihinduka umwanda hanyuma bikajugunywa mubidukikije. Kurugero, imyanda yasohotse, amazi yimyanda, ibisigazwa by imyanda nibintu byangiza, hamwe nibikoresho bikomeye bidashobora gutunganywa, bitera kwangiza ibidukikije.
Agasanduku ka shokora

(2) Imiterere itari icyatsi yibikoresho bipakira ubwabyo bitera umwanda
Ibikoresho byo gupakira (harimo ibicuruzwa) bishobora kwanduza ibirimo cyangwa ibidukikije bitewe nimpinduka mumiterere yabyo. Kurugero, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) ifite ubushyuhe buke bwumuriro. Ku bushyuhe runaka (hafi 14 ° C), hydrogène na chlorine y'ubumara bizangirika, bizahumanya ibirimo (ibihugu byinshi bibuza PVC nko gupakira ibiryo). Iyo gutwika, hydrogène chloride (HCI) ikorwa, bikaviramo imvura ya aside. Niba ibifunga bikoreshwa mu gupakira bishingiye ku bishishwa, bizanatera umwanda bitewe n'uburozi bwabyo. Imiti ya chlorofluorocarubone (CFC) ikoreshwa mu nganda zipakira nk'ibikoresho bifata ifumbire mvaruganda kugira ngo ikore plastike zitandukanye ni zo nyirabayazana yo kwangiza ikirere cya ozone ku isi, bikazana ibiza bikomeye ku bantu.
Agasanduku ka Macaron

(3) Gupfusha ubusa ibikoresho byo gupakira bitera umwanda
Gupakira ni ugukoresha inshuro imwe, kandi hafi 80% yumubare munini wibicuruzwa bipakira biba imyanda yo gupakira. Urebye ku isi hose, imyanda ikomeye iterwa no gupakira imyanda igera kuri 1/3 cyubwiza bwimyanda yo mumijyi. Ibikoresho byo gupakira bihuye bitera gutakaza umutungo mwinshi, kandi ibikoresho byinshi bitangirika cyangwa bidasubirwamo bigize igice cyingenzi kandi cyingenzi cyangiza ibidukikije, cyane cyane ibikoresho byo kumeza bya pulasitiki bikoreshwa hamwe na plastiki ikoreshwa. "Umwanda wera" ukorwa mu mifuka yo guhaha ni umwanda ukabije ku bidukikije.
Agasanduku ka Macaron