Kuva ku nkomoko y'itabi kugeza ku guhanga udushya: Uburyo udusanduku tw'itabi tw'impapuro twihariye dutanga amateka n'imiterere

Itabi si ikintu gitunguranye cyabayeho muri iki gihe; rifite amateka maremare kandi agoye yo gukoreshwa n'abantu. Kuva mu mihango ya kera y'itabi kugeza ku ivuka ry'itabi ryateye imbere mu nganda, ndetse no muri iki gihe abaguzi bashyira imbere imiterere, umuco, n'imyitwarire yabo, imiterere y'itabi ubwayo yahindutse buri gihe, kandi udusanduku tw'itabi, nk'"ishusho yaryo yo hanze," na two twakomeje gutera imbere.

I. wavumbuye itabiInkomoko y'itabi: Kuva ku bicuruzwa biva mu nganda kugeza ku bicuruzwa bikoreshwa n'abaguzi

Ikoreshwa ry'itabi rishobora gukomoka mu miryango y'Abanyamerika kavukire. Mu ntangiriro, itabi ntiryari igicuruzwa cya buri munsi ahubwo ryari ikimera gifite agaciro gakomeye kandi cy'ikigereranyo. Igihe cy'Ubushakashatsi kimaze kugera, itabi ryazanywe i Burayi maze buhoro buhoro riva ku gukoreshwa mu madini no mu mibereho y'abaturage rihinduka igicuruzwa gicuruzwa ku isoko ryinshi.

"Isegereti" nyayo yavutse mu gihe cy'inganda. Igihe itabi ryashwanyaguzwaga, rigakorwa ku bwinshi, itabi ntiryari rikiri ibiryo ubwabyo gusa, ahubwo ryasabaga gupfunyika byoroshye, byoroshye gutwara, kandi bizwi.—bityo, agasanduku k'itabi karavutse.

II.wavumbuye itabiUdusanduku tw'itabi two mu ntangiriro: Imikorere iruta ubwiza

Mu ntangiriro z'itabi, imirimo y'ingenzi y'udusanduku tw'itabi yari isobanutse neza:

Kurinda itabi gusya

Gutanga ubushuhe no kurinda ibyangiritse

Bituma byoroha kubitwara

Udusanduku tw’itabi twa kera ahanini twari dufite ingano imwe, impapuro zoroshye kandi zikozwe mu buryo bworoheje. Igishushanyo cyari kigamije amazina y’ibirango n’ibiranga by’ibanze, hatibanzwe cyane ku miterere cyangwa imiterere y’amashusho.

Ariko, uko irushanwa ku isoko ryakomeje kwiyongera, amasanduku y’itabi yatangiye gufata inshingano nyinshi.

III.wavumbuye itabiKuva ku "Ibikoresho by'itabi" kugera ku "Igaragaza": Impinduka mu ruhare rw'ipaki y'itabi

Uko itabi ryagendaga rihinduka igice cy'umuco w'abaturage, amapaki y'itabi yaretse kuba amasanduku gusa, aba:

Ikimenyetso cy'imiterere n'uburyohe

Kwagura umuco w'ikirango

Ikimenyetso kigaragara mu mibanire y'abantu

Muri iki cyiciro ni bwo imiterere, ingano, n'uburyo bwo gufungura amapaki y'itabi y'impapuro byatangiye gutandukana. Ibihugu bitandukanye n'ibirango bitandukanye byagiye bitera imbere buhoro buhoro indimi zabyo zihariye zo gupfunyika.

IV.wavumbuye itabiKuki udusanduku tw'itabi ry'impapuro tukiri amahitamo akomeye?

Nubwo ibikoresho byo gupfunyika bikomeje gutera imbere, udusanduku tw’itabi tw’impapuro turacyari ku isoko kubera impamvu zikurikira:

Imiterere yoroshye:** Impapuro zikwiriye gupfunyika, gukata no guhuza imiterere myinshi, bigatuma habaho imiterere itandukanye.

Uburyo bwo gucapa buhamye:** Impapuro zishobora gushushanya neza imiterere, inyandiko, n'imikorere yihariye.

Ingano iri hejuru hagati y'ikiguzi n'uburyo bwo guhindura ibintuion:** Irakwiriye haba mu gukora ibintu byinshi ndetse no mu buryo bwo guhindura ibintu mu buryo bwihariye.

Ibi bitanga ishingiro ry'ibishushanyo mbonera mu "mashusho n'ingano bitandukanye."

V. wavumbuye itabiNi gute udusanduku tw'itabi tw'impapuro dufite imiterere itandukanye tuvuga inkuru zitandukanye?

1. Agasanduku ka kera gahagaze neza: Umurage n'ubudahangarwa

Agasanduku k'itabi gahagaze gahagaze gakomeje kuba akamenyetso gakunze gukoreshwa cyane, gatanga ibi bikurikira:

Umuco, Ituze, Ikimenyerewe

Iyi shusho y'agasanduku ikwiriye ibirango bishimangira amateka, ubuhanga, no gukomeza.

2. Udusanduku dufite ishusho nshya: Guca ukubiri n'amahame agenga imikorere y'umuntu ku giti cye

Mu myaka ya vuba aha, ibigo byinshi byatangiye kugerageza ibi bikurikira:

Udusanduku tw'inzu

Udusanduku tw'imfuruka dufite impande

Imiterere imeze nk'iy'agasanduku

Udusanduku tw'itabi tw'ingeri nyinshi tudafite aho duhuriye

Iyi miterere ituma agasanduku k'itabi ubwako kaba "ikintu kitazibagirana," bigashimangira ishusho y'ikirango mu buryo bugaragara no mu bijyanye n'uburambe bw'abakoresha.

VI.wavumbuye itabiIhindagurika ry'ingano: Birenze umubare w'itabi ribitsemo

Impinduka mu bunini bw'agasanduku k'itabi akenshi zifitanye isano rya hafi n'ingamba z'ikirango:

Udusanduku duto tw'itabi: Gushimangira ibyoroheje, byoroshye gutwara, no kwirinda, bikwiriye gukoreshwa mu buzima cyangwa mu buryo bujyanye n'ibihe.

 Udusanduku tunini tw'itabi: Dukunze gukoreshwa mu gukusanya, kwibuka, cyangwa ibijyanye n'umuco, bigaragaza imiterere n'agaciro k'ibirimo.

Ingano ubwayo yabaye ururimi rw'itumanaho ry'ikirango.

VII.wavumbuye itabiImiterere y'igishushanyo mbonera mu mapaki y'itabi ryihariye ry'impapuro

Mu isoko rya none, kwiha agaciro ntabwo bikivuga ibintu bigoye, ahubwo bishimangira "imyumvire":

Imiterere y'amabara make n'igishushanyo mbonera cy'ahantu hera

Itandukaniro mu mikorere ryazanywe n'inyandiko zihariye

Uburyo bworoshye bwo gushushanya no gushushanya igice cy'ibishushanyo

Ubuhanga mu by'imiterere aho kuba ibintu bidafite ishingiro

Ibi bintu bihuriza hamwe kugira ngo amapaki y'itabi y'impapuro agaragaze imiterere yihariye adakabije.

VIII.wavumbuye itabiHagati y'amateka n'ejo hazaza, amapaki y'itabi akomeje gutera imbere

Kuva ku inkomoko y'itabi kugeza ku miterere ya none y'ibipfunyika, dushobora kubona icyerekezo gisobanutse: Ibikubiye muri iryo funguro birimo guhinduka, umuco urahinduka, kandi icyo risobanura mu gupfunyika nacyo kirahinduka.